Development of a fluoride chronic effects benchmark for aquatic life in freshwater

Canada has an interim water‐quality guideline for fluoride for protection of freshwater aquatic life that dates from 2002, and 1 Canadian province has a different interim water‐quality guideline for fluoride that dates to 1995. The United States does not have a national benchmark for fluoride in fre...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental toxicology and chemistry 2014-11, Vol.33 (11), p.2621-2627
Main Authors: McPherson, Cathy A, Lee, Danny H.Y, Chapman, Peter M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acute toxicity
Algae
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Animals
Applied ecology
Aquatic
Aquatic life
Aquatic organisms
Aquatic plants
Benchmark
Benchmarking
Benchmarks
Biological and medical sciences
British Columbia
Canada
Chronic
Chronic toxicity
Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution
Effect
Environmental Monitoring - methods
Environmental Monitoring - standards
Fish
Fishes
Fluoride
Fluorides
Fluorides - analysis
fluorine
Fresh Water
Fresh water environment
freshwater
Freshwaters
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Guidelines
Invertebrates
long term effects
Phosphates - analysis
Plants
Species Specificity
Toxicity
United States
Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
Water quality
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Summary:Canada has an interim water‐quality guideline for fluoride for protection of freshwater aquatic life that dates from 2002, and 1 Canadian province has a different interim water‐quality guideline for fluoride that dates to 1995. The United States does not have a national benchmark for fluoride in freshwater, and only 1 US state has such a benchmark. There are no other national or regional benchmarks for fluoride chronic toxicity in freshwater. In the present study, available data on the acute and chronic toxicity of fluoride to freshwater aquatic life were compiled and reviewed. Acute toxicity was reported to occur at concentrations ranging from 11.5 to >800 mg/L fluoride (F⁻). The majority of chronic effects occur at concentrations between 1.8 mg/L and 195 mg/L. A total of 10 chronic studies representing 16 species (5 fish, 7 invertebrates, and 4 algae/aquatic plants) were used to derive a chronic effects benchmark of 1.94 mg/L F⁻, applying the species sensitivity distribution approach. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:2621–2627. © 2014 SETAC
ISSN:0730-7268
1552-8618
DOI:10.1002/etc.2724