Biocompatible nanocrystalline natural bonelike carbonated hydroxyapatite synthesized by mechanical alloying in a record minimum time

• Published in: Materials Science & Engineering C 2014-09, Vol.42, p.647-656
• Main Authors: Lala, S., Brahmachari, S., Das, P.K., Das, D., Kar, T., Pradhan, S.K.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alloys; Animals; Biocompatibility; Biomedical materials; Calcium carbonate; Carbonates - chemistry; Carbonates - toxicity; Carbonation; Cell Survival - drug effects; CHO Cells; Cricetinae; Cricetulus; Durapatite - chemistry; Durapatite - toxicity; Hydroxyapatite; Mechanical alloying; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; MTT assay; Nanocrystals; Nanoparticles; Nanoparticles - chemistry; Nanoparticles - toxicity; Nanoparticles - ultrastructure; Rietveld analysis; Surgical implants; TEM; X-Ray Diffraction; XRD
• ISSN: 0928-4931; 1873-0191
• DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.06.014

Single phase nanocrystalline biocompatible A-type carbonated hydroxyapatite (A-cHAp) powder has been synthesized by mechanical alloying the stoichiometric mixture of CaCO3 and CaHPO4.2H2O powders in open air at room temperature within 2h of milling. The A-type carbonation in HAp is confirmed by FTIR analysis. Structural and microstructure parameters of as-milled powders are obtained from both Rietveld's powder structure refinement analysis and transmission electron microscopy. Size and lattice strain of nanocrystalline HAp particles are found to be anisotropic in nature. Mechanical alloying causes amorphization of a part of crystalline A-cHAp which is analogous to native bone mineral. Some primary bond lengths of as-milled samples are critically measured. MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay test reveals high percentage of cell viability and hence confirms the biocompatibility of the sample. The overall results indicate that the processed A-cHAp has a chemical composition very close to that of biological apatite. Biocompatible A-Type Carbonated Hydroxyapatite (A-cHAp) has been synthesized by mechanical alloying in polycrystalline form within 2h of milling. The shape and position of CO channel have been shown. [Display omitted] •A-cHAp phase is completed within 2h of milling.•FTIR analysis confirms A-type carbonation in HAp.•Amorphization of a part of crystalline A-cHAp.•Particle size & strain are anaisotropic in nature.•High cell viability under MTT assay.