Energy Management of Fuel Cell/Battery/Supercapacitor Hybrid Power Sources Using Model Predictive Control

Well known as an efficient and eco-friendly power source, fuel cell, unfortunately, offers slow dynamics. When attached as primary energy source in a vehicle, fuel cell would not be able to respond to abrupt load variations. Supplementing battery and/or supercapacitor to the system will provide a so...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on industrial informatics 2014-11, Vol.10 (4), p.1992-2002
Main Authors: Amin, Bambang, Riyanto Trilaksono, Rohman, Arief Syaichu, Dronkers, Cees Jan, Ortega, Romeo, Sasongko, Arif
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Automatic
Automatic Control Engineering
Batteries
Capacitors
Computer Science
Converters
DC-DC power converters
Electric batteries
Electric potential
Energy management
Engineering Sciences
Fuel cells
Hysteresis
Mathematical models
Predictive control
Supercapacitors
Time factors
Voltage
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Summary:Well known as an efficient and eco-friendly power source, fuel cell, unfortunately, offers slow dynamics. When attached as primary energy source in a vehicle, fuel cell would not be able to respond to abrupt load variations. Supplementing battery and/or supercapacitor to the system will provide a solution to this shortcoming. On the other hand, a current regulation that is vital for lengthening time span of the energy storage system is needed. This can be accomplished by keeping fuel cell's and batteries' current slope in reference to certain values, as well as attaining a stable dc output voltage. For that purpose, a feedback control system for regulating the hybrid of fuel cell, batteries, and supercapacitor was constructed for this study. Output voltage of the studied hybrid power sources (HPS) was administered by assembling three dc-dc converters comprising two bidirectional converters and one boost converter. Current/voltage output of fuel cell was regulated by boost converter, whereas the bidirectional converters regulated battery and supercapacitor. Reference current for each converter was produced using Model Predictive Control (MPC) and subsequently tracked using hysteresis control. These functions were done on a controller board of a dSPACE DS1104. Subsequently, on a test bench made up from 6 V, 4.5 Ah battery and 7.5 V, 120 F supercapacitor together with a fuel cell of 50 W, 10 A, experiment was conducted. Results show that constructing a control system to restrict fuel cell's and batteries' current slope and maintaining dc bus voltage in accordance with the reference values using MPC was feasible and effectively done.
ISSN:1551-3203
1941-0050
DOI:10.1109/TII.2014.2333873