TRADITIONAL IRRIGATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN HIGHLAND ETHIOPIA: CASE STUDY IN DANGILA WOREDA

• Published in: Irrigation and drainage 2013-10, Vol.62 (4), p.435-448
• Main Authors: Belay, Mehretie, Bewket, Woldeamlak
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Drainage; Ethiopia; Ethiopie; Farming; foyers; Highlands; Households; Income; Irrigation; irrigation traditionnelle; livelihoods; partage de l'eau; Shortages; traditional irrigation; Water management; water sharing
• ISSN: 1531-0353; 1531-0361
• DOI: 10.1002/ird.1748

ABSTRACT This paper examines traditional irrigation practices and their contribution to rural livelihoods in Dangila woreda (district) in the north‐western highlands of Ethiopia. Data were collected from November 2010 to May 2011 through a questionnaire survey of 126 irrigators and field observation of irrigation practices. The results show that over 90% of the irrigators used furrow systems. Around 54% of them reported that irrigation had contributed 11–20% to their household incomes in the past 12 years (1999/2000–2010/2011). The majority of the farmers agreed that the use of irrigation has increased in area coverage, crop outputs and contribution to household incomes over the past two decades. Water was distributed on rotation turns headed by water committees that were headed by individuals locally referred to as Yewha Abat (water fathers). Over 60% of the respondents indicated that they faced water and irrigable land shortages where the latter significantly influence households' irrigation income (significant at p < 0.0005). Although traditional irrigation has been known in the study area for many years, the attention offered to it from state agencies has not been encouraging. The study recommends appropriate institutional support to be provided to smallholder irrigators to improve the overall performance of traditional irrigation schemes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. RÉSUMÉ Ce papier examine les pratiques d'irrigation traditionnelle et leur contribution à la vie rurale du woreda de Dangila (district) dans les pays montagneux du nord‐ouest de l'Ethiopie. Les données ont été rassemblées de novembre 2010 à mai 2011 à travers le questionnaire de 126 irrigants et l'observation au champ des pratiques de l'irrigation. Les résultats montrent que 90% des irrigants ont pratiqué l'irrigation à la raie. Environ 54% ont rapporté que cette irrigation avait contribué aux revenus du foyer dans les 12 années passées (1999/2000 à 2010/2011) à hauteur de 11 à 20%. La majorité des fermiers a consenti que l'usage de l'irrigation a augmenté dans la région la production de la récolte et les revenus des foyers au cours des deux dernières décennies. L'eau a été distribuée en tours d'eau définis par des comités de l'eau et appliqués localement par des personnalités connues sous le nom de Yewha Abat (pères de l'eau). 60% des enquêteurs ont indiqué qu'ils ont fait face à des pénuries d'eau et de terres irrigables et que le dernier paramètre influence considérablement