Fate of Summertime Airborne Organophosphate Pesticide Residues in the Sierra Nevada Mountains

• Published in: Journal of environmental quality 1997-11, Vol.26 (6), p.1483-1492
• Main Authors: Aston, Linda S., Seiber, James N.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animal, plant and microbial ecology; Applied ecology; Biological and medical sciences; Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution; Effects of pollution and side effects of pesticides on plants and fungi; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Mountains; Non agrochemicals pollutants; Organophosphates; Organophosphorus pesticides; Pesticide residues; Pesticides; Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection; Pollution effects and side effects of agrochemicals on crop plants and forest trees. Other anthropogenic factors; Pollution effects. Side effects of agrochemicals
• ISSN: 0047-2425; 1537-2537
• DOI: 10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600060006x

This study examines the processes of dilution, degradation, and sorption to plant foliage of organophosphate (OP) pesticides during the summertime in an air corridor originating in the southern Central Valley of California and moving into the nearby Sierra Nevada mountains. Residues of chlorpyrifos, methidathion, and their oxons were examined in air and pine needles at three sites in the southern Sierra to delineate the role these processes play in the atmospheric fate of these residues. At the site closest to the Central Valley, we found relatively high levels of parent OPs and oxons in needle and air samples. At higher elevations needles contained lesser amounts of OP residues and at lower frequency, while air primarily contained the oxon form. With increasing elevation the ratio of thion to oxon form of chlorpyrifos in air decreased from 1.85 to 0.46 indicating that atmospheric oxidation was occuring. Based on the amounts of foliar deposition found, we estimate that during summer months nearly 16 kg of chlorpyrifos and its oxon may enter Sequoia National Park plant foliage. We deduce that for airborne OP insecticides, foliar deposition is a significant summertime fate process, along with atmospheric degradation and dilution.