Metagenomic heterogeneity explains dual immune effects of endotoxins

[...]we propose that these endotoxin variants be studied separately in different environmental settings of relevance for human exposure and disease development because of their differences in bioactivity on TLR4 activation. Because sensitive assays for this distinction are currently unavailable, it...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 2015-01, Vol.135 (1), p.277-280
Main Authors: Brix, Susanne, PhD, Eriksen, Carsten, BSc, Larsen, Jeppe Madura, PhD, Bisgaard, Hans, DMSci
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Allergies
Allergy and Immunology
Asthma
Asthma - microbiology
Bacteria
Bacteria - classification
Bacteria - genetics
Bacteria - metabolism
Disease
Endotoxins - genetics
Endotoxins - immunology
Endotoxins - metabolism
Genomes
Genomics
Gram-negative bacteria
Gram-positive bacteria
Humans
Lung - microbiology
Lungs
Rodents
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Summary:[...]we propose that these endotoxin variants be studied separately in different environmental settings of relevance for human exposure and disease development because of their differences in bioactivity on TLR4 activation. Because sensitive assays for this distinction are currently unavailable, it will be necessary initially to perform indirect measures by analyzing bacterial sequence data for the presence of the endotoxin-synthesizing genes, as applied in the current study. [...]the knowledge that healthy mucosal surfaces are characterized by immunologic tolerance promoted through regulatory T cells rather than TH1 inflammation aligns with our proposed paradigm of a balance between the hexa-acylated endotoxin-driven inflammation and the functional antagonism of penta-acylated endotoxin dampening inflammation.
ISSN:0091-6749
1097-6825
DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2014.09.036