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Health assessment of gasoline and fuel oxygenate vapors: Developmental toxicity in rats
•Gasoline or gasoline/oxygenate vapor condensates tested for developmental toxicity.•Inhalation exposure of rats was 2000, 10,000 or 20,000mg/m3 from GD 5 to 20.•Decreased body weight/weight gain and food consumption seen in maternal rats.•Decreased fetal body weights seen in G/TAME, G/TBA and G/DIP...
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| Published in: | Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology 2014-11, Vol.70 (2), p.S69-S79 |
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| container_title | Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology |
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| creator | Roberts, Linda G. Gray, Thomas M. Trimmer, Gary W. Parker, Robert M. Murray, F. Jay Schreiner, Ceinwen A. Clark, Charles R. |
| description | •Gasoline or gasoline/oxygenate vapor condensates tested for developmental toxicity.•Inhalation exposure of rats was 2000, 10,000 or 20,000mg/m3 from GD 5 to 20.•Decreased body weight/weight gain and food consumption seen in maternal rats.•Decreased fetal body weights seen in G/TAME, G/TBA and G/DIPE animals.•Increased number of stunted fetuses in G/TAME; increased skeletal variations in G/TBA.
Gasoline-vapor condensate (BGVC) or condensed vapors from gasoline blended with methyl t-butyl ether (G/MTBE), ethyl t-butyl ether (G/ETBE), t-amyl methyl ether (G/TAME) diisopropyl ether (G/DIPE), ethanol (G/EtOH), or t-butyl alcohol (G/TBA) were evaluated for developmental toxicity in Sprague–Dawley rats exposed via inhalation on gestation days (GD) 5–20 for 6h/day at levels of 0 (control filtered air), 2000, 10,000, and 20,000mg/m3. These exposure durations and levels substantially exceed typical consumer exposure during refueling ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.05.009 |
| format | article |
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Gasoline-vapor condensate (BGVC) or condensed vapors from gasoline blended with methyl t-butyl ether (G/MTBE), ethyl t-butyl ether (G/ETBE), t-amyl methyl ether (G/TAME) diisopropyl ether (G/DIPE), ethanol (G/EtOH), or t-butyl alcohol (G/TBA) were evaluated for developmental toxicity in Sprague–Dawley rats exposed via inhalation on gestation days (GD) 5–20 for 6h/day at levels of 0 (control filtered air), 2000, 10,000, and 20,000mg/m3. These exposure durations and levels substantially exceed typical consumer exposure during refueling (<1–7mg/m3, 5min). Dose responsive maternal effects were reduced maternal body weight and/or weight change, and/or reduced food consumption. No significant malformations were seen in any study. Developmental effects occurred at 20,000mg/m3 of G/TAME (reduced fetal body weight, increased incidence of stunted fetuses), G/TBA (reduced fetal body weight, increased skeletal variants) and G/DIPE (reduced fetal weight) resulting in developmental NOAEL of 10,000mg/m3 for these materials. Developmental NOAELs for other materials were 20,000mg/m3 as no developmental toxicity was induced in those studies. Developmental NOAELs were equal to or greater than the concurrent maternal NOAELs which ranged from 2000 to 20,000mg/m3. There were no clear cut differences in developmental toxicity between vapors of gasoline and gasoline blended with the ether or alcohol oxygenates.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0273-2300</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1096-0295</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.05.009</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24845242</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Air Pollutants - toxicity ; Animals ; Developmental toxicity ; Diisopropyl ether (DIPE) ; Ethanol (EtOH) ; Ethyl t-butyl ether (ETBE) ; Evaporative emissions ; Female ; Fetal Development - drug effects ; Fetal Weight - drug effects ; Fuel oxygenates ; Gasoline - toxicity ; Gasoline vapor condensates ; Inhalation ; Male ; Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Risk Assessment ; t-Amyl methyl ether (TAME) ; t-Butyl alcohol (TBA) ; Toxicity Tests</subject><ispartof>Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology, 2014-11, Vol.70 (2), p.S69-S79</ispartof><rights>2014 Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c507t-1c9716969508a33f91df5928846b7fac5e8f262826961a4f1e86438ca914f6a63</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c507t-1c9716969508a33f91df5928846b7fac5e8f262826961a4f1e86438ca914f6a63</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24845242$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Roberts, Linda G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gray, Thomas M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trimmer, Gary W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Parker, Robert M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Murray, F. Jay</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schreiner, Ceinwen A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clark, Charles R.</creatorcontrib><title>Health assessment of gasoline and fuel oxygenate vapors: Developmental toxicity in rats</title><title>Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology</title><addtitle>Regul Toxicol Pharmacol</addtitle><description>•Gasoline or gasoline/oxygenate vapor condensates tested for developmental toxicity.•Inhalation exposure of rats was 2000, 10,000 or 20,000mg/m3 from GD 5 to 20.•Decreased body weight/weight gain and food consumption seen in maternal rats.•Decreased fetal body weights seen in G/TAME, G/TBA and G/DIPE animals.•Increased number of stunted fetuses in G/TAME; increased skeletal variations in G/TBA.
Gasoline-vapor condensate (BGVC) or condensed vapors from gasoline blended with methyl t-butyl ether (G/MTBE), ethyl t-butyl ether (G/ETBE), t-amyl methyl ether (G/TAME) diisopropyl ether (G/DIPE), ethanol (G/EtOH), or t-butyl alcohol (G/TBA) were evaluated for developmental toxicity in Sprague–Dawley rats exposed via inhalation on gestation days (GD) 5–20 for 6h/day at levels of 0 (control filtered air), 2000, 10,000, and 20,000mg/m3. These exposure durations and levels substantially exceed typical consumer exposure during refueling (<1–7mg/m3, 5min). Dose responsive maternal effects were reduced maternal body weight and/or weight change, and/or reduced food consumption. No significant malformations were seen in any study. Developmental effects occurred at 20,000mg/m3 of G/TAME (reduced fetal body weight, increased incidence of stunted fetuses), G/TBA (reduced fetal body weight, increased skeletal variants) and G/DIPE (reduced fetal weight) resulting in developmental NOAEL of 10,000mg/m3 for these materials. Developmental NOAELs for other materials were 20,000mg/m3 as no developmental toxicity was induced in those studies. Developmental NOAELs were equal to or greater than the concurrent maternal NOAELs which ranged from 2000 to 20,000mg/m3. There were no clear cut differences in developmental toxicity between vapors of gasoline and gasoline blended with the ether or alcohol oxygenates.</description><subject>Air Pollutants - toxicity</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Developmental toxicity</subject><subject>Diisopropyl ether (DIPE)</subject><subject>Ethanol (EtOH)</subject><subject>Ethyl t-butyl ether (ETBE)</subject><subject>Evaporative emissions</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fetal Development - drug effects</subject><subject>Fetal Weight - drug effects</subject><subject>Fuel oxygenates</subject><subject>Gasoline - toxicity</subject><subject>Gasoline vapor condensates</subject><subject>Inhalation</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE)</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</subject><subject>Risk Assessment</subject><subject>t-Amyl methyl ether (TAME)</subject><subject>t-Butyl alcohol (TBA)</subject><subject>Toxicity Tests</subject><issn>0273-2300</issn><issn>1096-0295</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqNkE1v1DAURS1ERaeFX4CEvGST8PwRx0ZigQq0SJW6acXScp3n1qNMHGzPqPPvyTCFJWL1Nufe-3QIecugZcDUh3W7z3V-bDkw2ULXApgXZMXAqAa46V6SFfBeNFwAnJKzUtYAwLXuX5FTLrXsuOQr8uMK3VgfqSsFS9ngVGkK9MGVNMYJqZsGGrY40vS0f8DJVaQ7N6dcPtIvuMMxzYeIG2lNT9HHuqdxotnV8pqcBDcWfPN8z8ndt6-3F1fN9c3l94vP143voK8N86ZnyijTgXZCBMOG0JnlS6nu--B8hzpwxTVfGOZkYKiVFNo7w2RQTolz8v7YO-f0c4ul2k0sHsfRTZi2xTIle-CC6_4_UG5Mr3smFlQcUZ9TKRmDnXPcuLy3DOxBvl3b3_LtQb6Fzi7yl9S754Ht_QaHv5k_thfg0xHAxcguYrbFR5w8DjGjr3ZI8Z8DvwDkBJY3</recordid><startdate>20141101</startdate><enddate>20141101</enddate><creator>Roberts, Linda G.</creator><creator>Gray, Thomas M.</creator><creator>Trimmer, Gary W.</creator><creator>Parker, Robert M.</creator><creator>Murray, F. Jay</creator><creator>Schreiner, Ceinwen A.</creator><creator>Clark, Charles R.</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><scope>6I.</scope><scope>AAFTH</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20141101</creationdate><title>Health assessment of gasoline and fuel oxygenate vapors: Developmental toxicity in rats</title><author>Roberts, Linda G. ; Gray, Thomas M. ; Trimmer, Gary W. ; Parker, Robert M. ; Murray, F. Jay ; Schreiner, Ceinwen A. ; Clark, Charles R.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c507t-1c9716969508a33f91df5928846b7fac5e8f262826961a4f1e86438ca914f6a63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Air Pollutants - toxicity</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Developmental toxicity</topic><topic>Diisopropyl ether (DIPE)</topic><topic>Ethanol (EtOH)</topic><topic>Ethyl t-butyl ether (ETBE)</topic><topic>Evaporative emissions</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fetal Development - drug effects</topic><topic>Fetal Weight - drug effects</topic><topic>Fuel oxygenates</topic><topic>Gasoline - toxicity</topic><topic>Gasoline vapor condensates</topic><topic>Inhalation</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE)</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</topic><topic>Risk Assessment</topic><topic>t-Amyl methyl ether (TAME)</topic><topic>t-Butyl alcohol (TBA)</topic><topic>Toxicity Tests</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Roberts, Linda G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gray, Thomas M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trimmer, Gary W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Parker, Robert M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Murray, F. Jay</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schreiner, Ceinwen A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clark, Charles R.</creatorcontrib><collection>ScienceDirect Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><jtitle>Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Roberts, Linda G.</au><au>Gray, Thomas M.</au><au>Trimmer, Gary W.</au><au>Parker, Robert M.</au><au>Murray, F. Jay</au><au>Schreiner, Ceinwen A.</au><au>Clark, Charles R.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Health assessment of gasoline and fuel oxygenate vapors: Developmental toxicity in rats</atitle><jtitle>Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology</jtitle><addtitle>Regul Toxicol Pharmacol</addtitle><date>2014-11-01</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>70</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>S69</spage><epage>S79</epage><pages>S69-S79</pages><issn>0273-2300</issn><eissn>1096-0295</eissn><abstract>•Gasoline or gasoline/oxygenate vapor condensates tested for developmental toxicity.•Inhalation exposure of rats was 2000, 10,000 or 20,000mg/m3 from GD 5 to 20.•Decreased body weight/weight gain and food consumption seen in maternal rats.•Decreased fetal body weights seen in G/TAME, G/TBA and G/DIPE animals.•Increased number of stunted fetuses in G/TAME; increased skeletal variations in G/TBA.
Gasoline-vapor condensate (BGVC) or condensed vapors from gasoline blended with methyl t-butyl ether (G/MTBE), ethyl t-butyl ether (G/ETBE), t-amyl methyl ether (G/TAME) diisopropyl ether (G/DIPE), ethanol (G/EtOH), or t-butyl alcohol (G/TBA) were evaluated for developmental toxicity in Sprague–Dawley rats exposed via inhalation on gestation days (GD) 5–20 for 6h/day at levels of 0 (control filtered air), 2000, 10,000, and 20,000mg/m3. These exposure durations and levels substantially exceed typical consumer exposure during refueling (<1–7mg/m3, 5min). Dose responsive maternal effects were reduced maternal body weight and/or weight change, and/or reduced food consumption. No significant malformations were seen in any study. Developmental effects occurred at 20,000mg/m3 of G/TAME (reduced fetal body weight, increased incidence of stunted fetuses), G/TBA (reduced fetal body weight, increased skeletal variants) and G/DIPE (reduced fetal weight) resulting in developmental NOAEL of 10,000mg/m3 for these materials. Developmental NOAELs for other materials were 20,000mg/m3 as no developmental toxicity was induced in those studies. Developmental NOAELs were equal to or greater than the concurrent maternal NOAELs which ranged from 2000 to 20,000mg/m3. There were no clear cut differences in developmental toxicity between vapors of gasoline and gasoline blended with the ether or alcohol oxygenates.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>24845242</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.05.009</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology, 2014-11, Vol.70 (2), p.S69-S79 |
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| source | ScienceDirect Freedom Collection |
| subjects | Air Pollutants - toxicity Animals Developmental toxicity Diisopropyl ether (DIPE) Ethanol (EtOH) Ethyl t-butyl ether (ETBE) Evaporative emissions Female Fetal Development - drug effects Fetal Weight - drug effects Fuel oxygenates Gasoline - toxicity Gasoline vapor condensates Inhalation Male Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Risk Assessment t-Amyl methyl ether (TAME) t-Butyl alcohol (TBA) Toxicity Tests |
| title | Health assessment of gasoline and fuel oxygenate vapors: Developmental toxicity in rats |
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