Fluorescence in situ hybridization in genome, chromosome and gene identification in plants

The molecular cytogenetic technique of fluorescence in situ hybridization now permits detection of nucleic acid sequences at cytological level from 1 kb to whole genome. Availability of multicolour detection systems and possible reprobing of the same microscopic preparation further facilitate simult...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Current science (Bangalore) 1998-01, Vol.74 (2), p.126-133
Main Author: Lavania, U. C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Chromosomes
DNA
DNA probes
Fluorescence in situ hybridization
Genetic hybridization
Genomes
Genomics
Hybridity
In situ hybridization
Nucleic acid hybridization
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Summary:The molecular cytogenetic technique of fluorescence in situ hybridization now permits detection of nucleic acid sequences at cytological level from 1 kb to whole genome. Availability of multicolour detection systems and possible reprobing of the same microscopic preparation further facilitate simultaneous detection of several sequences and their linear ordering. The ability to detect nucleic acids in situ enables: (i) construction of physical maps of the chromosomes, (ii) elucidation of structure, function, origin and evolution of chromosomes, (iii) paint chromatin of different genomic origin, (iv) analysis of genome organization and evolution in polyploids, (v) comparative and subchromosomal mapping, intrachromosomal rearrangements and alien chromosome translocations, (vi) intergenomic pairing, (vii) localization of transformation/other prospective sequences. Fundamental biological questions are answered using this approach and the method is in use in diagnostic cytogenetics and plant breeding programmes. This will increasingly address important biological problems and provide new leads and unforeseeable applications. The phenomenal progress made in this respect is discussed drawing examples from literature as well as the author's own observations.
ISSN:0011-3891