Quantitation of tetrabromobisphenol-A from dust sampled on consumer electronics by dispersed liquid-liquid microextraction

• Published in: Environmental pollution (1987) 2013-09, Vol.180, p.274-280
• Main Authors: Di Napoli-Davis, Gina, Owens, Janel E.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Analysis methods; Analytical chemistry; Anhydrides; Applied sciences; Atmospheric pollution; Brominated flame retardant; Chemistry; Chromatographic methods and physical methods associated with chromatography; Consumers; Dispersion; Dust; Dust - analysis; Electrical Equipment and Supplies; Electronics; Environmental Monitoring; Exact sciences and technology; flame retardants; Flame Retardants - analysis; Gas chromatographic methods; gas chromatography; Hazardous Substances - analysis; Liquid Phase Microextraction; mass spectrometry; microextraction; Monitors; Pollution; Polybrominated Biphenyls - analysis; Recovery; Refrigerators; solid phase extraction; surveys; Tetrabromobisphenol-A
• ISSN: 0269-7491; 1873-6424
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.05.038

Tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) is a brominated flame retardant used worldwide. Despite its widespread use, there are few data concerning environmental concentrations of TBBPA. Thus, the objective of this work was to optimize an ultrasound-assisted dispersed liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) method to analyze swabbed surfaces of consumer electronics to determine TBBPA concentrations. Upon sample preparation with DLLME, TBBPA was derivatized with acetic anhydride and then analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Using a 13C12-TBBPA internal standard to improve precision and quantitation, a recovery study was performed. At concentrations of 250–1000 ng/mL, recoveries were 104–106%. Sample preparation with solid phase extraction had comparable recoveries, although overall, improved analyte recovery and precision were achieved with DLLME. In a small survey study, TBBPA concentrations in dust collected from 100 cm2 areas on electronic surfaces (monitor, microwave, refrigerator, and TV) were determined to range from less than the LOQ to 523 ng/mL. •Tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) concentrations in dust samples were determined.•Dust samples were collected from surfaces of consumer electronics.•Dispersed liquid-liquid microextraction was used to prepare samples for GC/MS.•A 13C12-labeled internal standard was used to improve precision and quantitation.•TBBPA was found in dust samples at levels below LOQ to 523 ng/mL. This work describes the analysis of the brominated flame retardant, tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA), from dust sampled on surfaces of consumer electronics.