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Trajectory of early tidal marsh restoration: Elevation, sedimentation and colonization of breached salt ponds in the northern San Francisco Bay

Tidal marsh restoration projects that cover large areas are critical for maintaining target species, yet few large sites have been studied and their restoration trajectories remain uncertain. A tidal marsh restoration project in the northern San Francisco Bay consisting of three breached salt ponds...

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Published in:	Ecological engineering 2012-05, Vol.42, p.19-29
Main Authors:	Brand, L. Arriana, Smith, Lacy M., Takekawa, John Y., Athearn, Nicole D., Taylor, Karen, Shellenbarger, Gregory G., Schoellhamer, David H., Spenst, Renee
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Subjects:	Bathymetry coasts digital elevation models Elevation Freshwater Marshes Marshplain development Meters pollution load Ponds Restoration Salt marsh salt marshes Salt pond sediment yield Sedimentation Sediments Spartina foliosa surveys Vegetation
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creator	Brand, L. Arriana Smith, Lacy M. Takekawa, John Y. Athearn, Nicole D. Taylor, Karen Shellenbarger, Gregory G. Schoellhamer, David H. Spenst, Renee
description	Tidal marsh restoration projects that cover large areas are critical for maintaining target species, yet few large sites have been studied and their restoration trajectories remain uncertain. A tidal marsh restoration project in the northern San Francisco Bay consisting of three breached salt ponds (≥300ha each; 1175ha total) is one of the largest on the west coast of North America. These diked sites were subsided and required extensive sedimentation for vegetation colonization, yet it was unclear whether they would accrete sediment and vegetate within a reasonable timeframe. We conducted bathymetric surveys to map substrate elevations using digital elevation models and surveyed colonizing Pacific cordgrass (Spartina foliosa). The average elevation of Pond 3 was 0.96±0.19m (mean±SD; meters NAVD88) in 2005. In 2008–2009, average pond elevations were 1.05±0.25m in Pond 3, 0.81±0.26m in Pond 4, and 0.84±0.24m in Pond 5 (means±SD; meters NAVD88). The largest site (Pond 3; 508ha) accreted 9.5±0.2cm (mean±SD) over 4 years, but accretion varied spatially and ranged from sediment loss in borrow ditches and adjacent to an unplanned, early breach to sediment gains up to 33cm in more sheltered regions. The mean elevation of colonizing S. foliosa varied by pond (F=71.20, df=84, P
doi_str_mv	10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.01.012
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Arriana</au><au>Smith, Lacy M.</au><au>Takekawa, John Y.</au><au>Athearn, Nicole D.</au><au>Taylor, Karen</au><au>Shellenbarger, Gregory G.</au><au>Schoellhamer, David H.</au><au>Spenst, Renee</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Trajectory of early tidal marsh restoration: Elevation, sedimentation and colonization of breached salt ponds in the northern San Francisco Bay</atitle><jtitle>Ecological engineering</jtitle><date>2012-05-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>42</volume><spage>19</spage><epage>29</epage><pages>19-29</pages><issn>0925-8574</issn><eissn>1872-6992</eissn><abstract>Tidal marsh restoration projects that cover large areas are critical for maintaining target species, yet few large sites have been studied and their restoration trajectories remain uncertain. 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subjects	Bathymetry coasts digital elevation models Elevation Freshwater Marshes Marshplain development Meters pollution load Ponds Restoration Salt marsh salt marshes Salt pond sediment yield Sedimentation Sediments Spartina foliosa surveys Vegetation
title	Trajectory of early tidal marsh restoration: Elevation, sedimentation and colonization of breached salt ponds in the northern San Francisco Bay
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