A new method for the semiquantitative determination of major rock-forming minerals with thermal infrared multispectral data: Application to THEMIS infrared data

We have developed a new method (least residual iterative spectral mixture analysis (LRISMA)) to semiquantitatively determine major rock‐forming minerals (feldspar, pyroxene, olivine, high‐silica phases, and quartz) with multispectral thermal infrared data. Sublibraries of minerals are generated from...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of geophysical research. Planets 2013-10, Vol.118 (10), p.2146-2152
Main Authors: Huang, Jun, Edwards, Christopher S., Ruff, Steven W., Christensen, Philip R., Xiao, Long
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Crystalline rocks
Earth sciences
Earth, ocean, space
Exact sciences and technology
Geology
High temperature
Igneous and metamorphic rocks petrology, volcanic processes, magmas
Infrared
major rock-forming minerals
Mars
Mineralogy
Minerals
multispectral data
Opacity
Regional
Rock
Rocks
semiquantitative spectral mixture analysis
Silica
Space exploration
Spectra
Spectral emissivity
Surface temperature
THEMIS
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Summary:We have developed a new method (least residual iterative spectral mixture analysis (LRISMA)) to semiquantitatively determine major rock‐forming minerals (feldspar, pyroxene, olivine, high‐silica phases, and quartz) with multispectral thermal infrared data. Sublibraries of minerals are generated from a master library of minerals based on prior knowledge to produce a suite of realistic mineral end‐member combinations to fit the target spectra. Mineral abundances that correspond to the least root‐mean‐square errors (best fit) generally agree best with previous petrographic studies of laboratory‐measured rock samples and thermal infrared hyperspectral analysis of materials on the surface of Mars, given the greatly reduced spectral range and resolution of Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) spectra. The accuracy and reproducibility of LRISMA is ~4–16% and ~5–20%, respectively, while the accuracy of petrographic and previous hyperspectral studies is ~5–15%. LRISMA can be applied to semiquantitatively refine the bulk surface mineralogy of small‐scale (~1 km2) geologic features with high‐quality THEMIS spectral data (high surface temperature: >260 K, low atmospheric opacity: total ice 
ISSN:2169-9097
2169-9100
DOI:10.1002/jgre.20160