In Vivo Studies of Nanostructure-Based Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Cancer Therapy

Animal models, particularly rodents, are major translational models for evaluating novel anticancer therapeutics. In this review, different types of nanostructure‐based photosensitizers that have advanced into the in vivo evaluation stage for the photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer are described. T...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) Germany), 2014-12, Vol.10 (24), p.4993-5013
Main Authors: Voon, Siew Hui, Kiew, Lik Voon, Lee, Hong Boon, Lim, Siang Hui, Noordin, Mohamed Ibrahim, Kamkaew, Anyanee, Burgess, Kevin, Chung, Lip Yong
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biocompatibility
Biomedical materials
Cancer
cancer therapy
Disease Models, Animal
drug delivery
in vivo
In vivo testing
In vivo tests
Liposomes
Medical research
Micelles
Nanostructure
Nanostructures
Nanotechnology
Neoplasms - drug therapy
Photochemotherapy
photodynamic therapy
Photosensitizing Agents - chemistry
Photosensitizing Agents - therapeutic use
Polymers - chemistry
Surgical implants
Tumors
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Summary:Animal models, particularly rodents, are major translational models for evaluating novel anticancer therapeutics. In this review, different types of nanostructure‐based photosensitizers that have advanced into the in vivo evaluation stage for the photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer are described. This article focuses on the in vivo efficacies of the nanostructures as delivery agents and as energy transducers for photosensitizers in animal models. These materials are useful in overcoming solubility issues, lack of tumor specificity, and access to tumors deep in healthy tissue. At the end of this article, the opportunities made possible by these multiplexed nanostructure‐based systems are summarized, as well as the considerable challenges associated with obtaining regulatory approval for such materials. The following questions are also addressed: (1) Is there a pressing demand for more nanoparticle materials? (2) What is the prognosis for regulatory approval of nanoparticles to be used in the clinic? Photosensitizers for photodynamic cancer therapy usually suffer from low solubility and lack of tumor specificity. To improve their physicochemical and tumor targeting properties, they are incorporated into nanostructures. This review summarizes the in vivo efficacy of different types of nanostructure‐based photosensitizers that have advanced to animal evaluation stage. It also highlights some related issues and challenges in their development.
ISSN:1613-6810
1613-6829
DOI:10.1002/smll.201401416