Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae , an under-recognised pathogen

Summary Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a major cause of mucosal infections such as otitis media, sinusitis, conjunctivitis, and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In some regions, a strong causal relation links this pathogen with infections of the lower respirator...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Lancet infectious diseases 2014-12, Vol.14 (12), p.1281-1292
Main Authors: Van Eldere, Johan, Prof, Slack, Mary P E, FRCPath, Ladhani, Shamez, PhD, Cripps, Allan W, PhD
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bacterial diseases
Bacterial diseases of the respiratory system
Bacterial Typing Techniques
beta-Lactam Resistance
beta-Lactamases - secretion
Biological and medical sciences
Communicable Diseases, Emerging - epidemiology
Communicable Diseases, Emerging - microbiology
Epidemiological Monitoring
Haemophilus Infections - epidemiology
Haemophilus Infections - microbiology
Haemophilus influenzae - classification
Haemophilus influenzae - isolation & purification
Human bacterial diseases
Humans
Infectious Disease
Infectious diseases
Medical sciences
Respiratory Tract Infections - epidemiology
Respiratory Tract Infections - microbiology
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Summary:Summary Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a major cause of mucosal infections such as otitis media, sinusitis, conjunctivitis, and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In some regions, a strong causal relation links this pathogen with infections of the lower respiratory tract. In the past 20 years, a steady but constant increase has occurred in invasive NTHi worldwide, with perinatal infants, young children, and elderly people most at risk. Individuals with underlying comorbidities are most susceptible and infection is associated with high mortality. β-lactamase production is the predominant mechanism of resistance. However, the emergence and spread of β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant strains in many regions of the world is of substantial concern, potentially necessitating changes to antibiotic treatment guidelines for community-acquired infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract and potentially increasing morbidity associated with invasive NTHi infections. Standardised surveillance protocols and typing methodologies to monitor this emerging pathogen should be implemented. International scientific organisations need to raise the profile of NTHi and to document the pathobiology of this microbe.
ISSN:1473-3099
1474-4457
DOI:10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70734-0