Management of complicated urinary tract infections in a referral center in Mexico

• Published in: International urology and nephrology 2015-02, Vol.47 (2), p.229-233
• Main Authors: Cornejo-Dávila, Victor, Palmeros-Rodríguez, Mario A., Uberetagoyena-Tello de Meneses, Israel, Mayorga-Gómez, Edgar, Garza-Sáinz, Gerardo, Osornio-Sánchez, Victor, Trujillo-Ortiz, Luis, Sedano-Basilio, Jorge E., Cantellano-Orozco, Mauricio, Martínez-Arroyo, Carlos, Morales-Montor, Jorge G., Pacheco-Gahbler, Carlos
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Abscess - microbiology; Abscess - therapy; Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use; beta-Lactamases - metabolism; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Epididymitis - microbiology; Epididymitis - therapy; Escherichia coli - metabolism; Escherichia coli Infections - diagnosis; Escherichia coli Infections - drug therapy; Escherichia coli Infections - microbiology; Female; Humans; Length of Stay; Male; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Mexico; Middle Aged; Nephrology; Orchitis - microbiology; Orchitis - therapy; Prostatitis - microbiology; Prostatitis - therapy; Pyelonephritis - microbiology; Pyelonephritis - therapy; Pyonephrosis - microbiology; Pyonephrosis - therapy; Risk Factors; Stents; Urinary Tract Infections - complications; Urinary Tract Infections - drug therapy; Urinary Tract Infections - microbiology; Urology; Urology – Original Paper; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0301-1623; 1573-2584
• DOI: 10.1007/s11255-014-0883-y

Background Urinary tract infections are a common problem encountered by primary care, emergency physicians and urologists. A complicated urinary tract infection (CUTI) responds less effectively to the standard treatment. E. coli is the most common pathogen (40–70 %). In Mexico, there are ciprofloxacin resistance rates of 8–73 %, to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 53–71 % and cephalosporins 5–18 %, with an ESBL E. coli prevalence of 10 %. For infections producing gas or purulent material, the percutaneous or endoscopic drainage is the standard. Objective To describe the management of patients with CUTIs, their specifically clinical course and eventual culture results determining the most common isolated microorganisms and their resistance. Materials and methods The clinical records of patients hospitalized with CUTIs from January 2012 to July 2013 were reviewed. Results One hundred and seventy-three patients were included. Acute pyelonephritis was the most common presentation (53.2 %). The most common microorganism was E. coli (83 %), with ESBL prevalence of 71.4 % and a resistance to quinolone, cephalosporin and trimethoprim of 89.7, 64.7 and 60.3 %, respectively. The most common factors associated with development of CUTIs were recent use of antibiotics (95.3 %) and obstructive uropathy (73.4 %). A total of 41 % received carbapenems and 40.5 % received minimally invasive treatments. Overall mortality was 2.9 %. Discussion There were a greater ESBL-producing pathogen prevalence and an over 50 % resistance to classically first-choice antibiotics. The minimally invasive treatments for complicated infections are fundamental; however, nephrectomy still has a role. Conclusions Wide-spectrum antimicrobial therapy and minimally invasive approaches are the most common treatments for CUTIs in our center, and a reevaluation regarding antibiotic use in Mexico needs to be done.