If it’s hard to read, it changes how long you do it: Reading time as an explanation for perceptual fluency effects on judgment

• Published in: Psychonomic bulletin & review 2015-02, Vol.22 (1), p.206-211
• Main Authors: Sanchez, Christopher A., Jaeger, Allison J.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Attention; Behavioral Science and Psychology; Bias; Brief Report; Cognitive Psychology; Discrimination (Psychology); Education; Estimates; Eye Movements; Female; Humans; Information theory; Judgment; Male; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Perceptual Distortion; Psychology; Reading; Time Perception; Young Adult
• ISSN: 1069-9384; 1531-5320
• DOI: 10.3758/s13423-014-0658-6

Perceptual manipulations, such as changes in font type or figure-ground contrast, have been shown to increase judgments of difficulty or effort related to the presented material. Previous theory has suggested that this is the result of changes in online processing or perhaps the post-hoc influence of perceived difficulty recalled at the time of judgment. These two experiments seek to examine by which mechanism (or both) the fluency effect is produced. Results indicate that disfluency does in fact change in situ reading behavior, and this change significantly mediates judgments. Eye movement analyses corroborate this suggestion and observe a difference in how people read a disfluent presentation. These findings support the notion that readers are using perceptual cues in their reading experiences to change how they interact with the material, which in turn produces the observed biases.