Mass spectrometric analysis of protein tyrosine nitration in aging and neurodegenerative diseases

• Published in: Mass spectrometry reviews 2015-03, Vol.34 (2), p.166-183
• Main Authors: Yeo, Woon-Seok, Kim, Young Jun, Kabir, Mohammad Humayun, Kang, Jeong Won, Kim, Kwang Pyo
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 3-nitrotyrosine; aging; Aging - metabolism; Aging - pathology; Amino Acid Sequence; Chromatography, Affinity; Humans; Mass Spectrometry - instrumentation; Mass Spectrometry - methods; Molecular Sequence Data; neurodegeneration; Neurodegenerative Diseases - metabolism; Neurodegenerative Diseases - pathology; Peptide Fragments - analysis; Peptide Fragments - chemistry; protein tyrosine nitration; Proteins - analysis; Proteins - chemistry; Proteins - metabolism; reactive nitrogen species; Reactive Nitrogen Species - chemistry; Reactive Nitrogen Species - metabolism; Tyrosine - analogs & derivatives; Tyrosine - chemistry; Tyrosine - metabolism
• ISSN: 0277-7037; 1098-2787
• DOI: 10.1002/mas.21429

This review highlights the significance of protein tyrosine nitration (PTN) in signal transduction pathways, the progress achieved in analytical methods, and the implication of nitration in the cellular pathophysiology of aging and age‐related neurodegenerative diseases. Although mass spectrometry of nitrated peptides has become a powerful tool for the characterization of nitrated peptides, the low stoichiometry of this modification clearly necessitates the use of affinity chromatography to enrich modified peptides. Analysis of nitropeptides involves identification of endogenous, intact modification as well as chemical conversion of the nitro group to a chemically reactive amine group and further modifications that enable affinity capture and enhance detectability by altering molecular properties. In this review, we focus on the recent progress in chemical derivatization of nitropeptides for enrichment and mass analysis, and for detection and quantification using various analytical tools. PTN participates in physiological processes, such as aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Accumulation of 3‐nitrotyrosine has been found to occur during the aging process; this was identified through mass spectrometry. Further, there are several studies implicating the presence of nitrated tyrosine in age‐related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 34: 166–183, 2015.