The role of the microbiota in inflammation, carcinogenesis, and cancer therapy

Commensal microorganisms colonize barrier surfaces of all multicellular organisms, including those of humans. For more than 500 million years, commensal microorganisms and their hosts have coevolved and adapted to each other. As a result, the commensal microbiota affects many immune and nonimmune fu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:European journal of immunology 2015-01, Vol.45 (1), p.17-31
Main Authors: Dzutsev, Amiran, Goldszmid, Romina S., Viaud, Sophie, Zitvogel, Laurence, Trinchieri, Giorgio
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptive Immunity
Animals
Antineoplastic Agents - therapeutic use
Autoimmune Diseases - drug therapy
Autoimmune Diseases - microbiology
Autoimmune Diseases - pathology
Biological Evolution
Cancer
Cancer Therapy
Cancerogenesis
Carcinogenesis - immunology
Carcinogenesis - pathology
Humans
Immune system
Immunity, Innate
Immunomodulation
Inflammation
Inflammation - drug therapy
Inflammation - immunology
Inflammation - microbiology
Inflammation - pathology
Metagenome - immunology
Mice
Microbiota
Microbiota - immunology
Microorganisms
Neoplasms - drug therapy
Neoplasms - immunology
Neoplasms - microbiology
Neoplasms - pathology
Symbiosis - immunology
Tumor Escape
Tumors
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Summary:Commensal microorganisms colonize barrier surfaces of all multicellular organisms, including those of humans. For more than 500 million years, commensal microorganisms and their hosts have coevolved and adapted to each other. As a result, the commensal microbiota affects many immune and nonimmune functions of their hosts, and de facto the two together comprise one metaorganism. The commensal microbiota communicates with the host via biologically active molecules. Recently, it has been reported that microbial imbalance may play a critical role in the development of multiple diseases, such as cancer, autoimmune conditions, and increased susceptibility to infection. In this review, we focus on the role of the commensal microbiota in the development, progression, and immune evasion of cancer, as well as some modulatory effects on the treatment of cancer. In particular, we discuss the mechanisms of microbiota‐mediated regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses to tumors, and the consequences on cancer progression and whether tumors subsequently become resistant or susceptible to different anticancer therapeutic regiments.
ISSN:0014-2980
1521-4141
DOI:10.1002/eji.201444972