The Domestic Piglet: An Important Model for Investigating the Neurodevelopmental Consequences of Early Life Insults

• Published in: Annual review of animal biosciences 2015-01, Vol.3 (1), p.245-264
• Main Authors: Conrad, Matthew S, Johnson, Rodney W
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Animals, Newborn; behavior; brain; Brain - embryology; Brain - growth & development; Cognition Disorders - etiology; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Humans; infection; magnetic resonance imaging; neonate; Neurodevelopmental Disorders - etiology; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects - etiology; Species Specificity; stress; Sus scrofa; Swine; Swine Diseases - etiology
• ISSN: 2165-8102; 2165-8110
• DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-022114-111049

Insults in the prenatal and early postnatal period increase the risk for behavioral problems later in life. One hypothesis is that pre- and postnatal stressors influence structural and functional brain plasticity. Understanding the mechanisms is important, but progress has lagged because certain studies in human infants are impossible, while others are extremely difficult. Furthermore, results from popular rodent models are difficult to translate to human infants owing to the substantial differences in brain development and morphology. Because it overcomes some of these obstacles, the domestic piglet has emerged as an important model. Piglets have a gyrencephalic brain that develops similar to the human brain and that can be assessed in vivo by using clinical-grade neuroimaging instruments. Furthermore, owing to their precocial nature, piglets can be weaned at birth and used in behavioral testing paradigms to assess cognitive behavior at an early age. Thus, the domestic piglet represents an important translational model for investigating the neurodevelopmental consequences of early life insults.