The Joint Development of Traditional Bullying and Victimization With Cyber Bullying and Victimization in Adolescence

The present study investigated the stabilities of and interrelationships among traditional (i.e., face‐to‐face) bullying, traditional victimhood, cyber bullying, and cyber victimhood among adolescents over time. About 1,700 adolescents aged 11–16 years at Time 1 self‐reported levels of both bullying...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of research on adolescence 2012-06, Vol.22 (2), p.301-309
Main Authors: Jose, Paul E., Kljakovic, Moja, Scheib, Emma, Notter, Olivia
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescents
Aggression
Bullying
Computer Mediated Communication
Foreign Countries
Indigenous Populations
Internet
Interpersonal Communication
Interpersonal Relationship
New Zealand
Peer Relationship
Predictor Variables
Textbooks
Victimization
Victims
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Summary:The present study investigated the stabilities of and interrelationships among traditional (i.e., face‐to‐face) bullying, traditional victimhood, cyber bullying, and cyber victimhood among adolescents over time. About 1,700 adolescents aged 11–16 years at Time 1 self‐reported levels of both bullying and victimization in four contexts (in school, outside of school, texting, and on‐line) annually for 2 years. Results indicated that all four dynamics were moderately stable over time. The following variables were found to bidirectionally reinforce and predict each other over time: traditional bullying and traditional victimization; traditional bullying and cyber bullying; and traditional victimization and cyber victimization. These results indicate that bullying and victimhood in both face‐to‐face and cyber‐based interactions are related but not identical interpersonal dynamics.
ISSN:1050-8392
1532-7795
DOI:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2011.00764.x