Occurrence and fate of synthetic musk fragrances in a small German river

•Investigation of synthetic musks in water samples and fishes in a small catchment.•Effects can be observed better in small water bodies (e.g. source characterization).•Combined sewer overflow cause episodic and highly dynamic concentration peaks.•Degradation of HHCB depends on the water temperature...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of hazardous materials 2015-01, Vol.282, p.34-40
Main Authors: Lange, Claudia, Kuch, Bertram, Metzger, Jörg W.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Benzopyrans - analysis
Bioaccumulation
Discharge
Effluents
Environmental Monitoring
Fish
Germany
Lactones - analysis
Musk
Musk fragrances
Perfume - analysis
Rivers
Salmo trutta
Salmo trutta fario
Sampling
Surface water
Tetrahydronaphthalenes - analysis
Trout
Waste water
Wastewater treatment
Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
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Summary:•Investigation of synthetic musks in water samples and fishes in a small catchment.•Effects can be observed better in small water bodies (e.g. source characterization).•Combined sewer overflow cause episodic and highly dynamic concentration peaks.•Degradation of HHCB depends on the water temperature.•Fishes are suitable indicators of bioaccumulative substance entry in surface waters. The polycyclic musks tonalide® (acetyl hexamethyltetraline=1-(3,5,5,6,8,8-hexamethyl-6,7-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)ethanone, AHTN), galaxolide® (1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta(g)-2-benzopyrane, HHCB) and the degradation product HHCB-lactone were determined in water samples and brown trouts (Salmo trutta fario) of the river Ammer, a small catchment in the state of Baden-Württemberg, south-west Germany. The Ammer receives the effluent discharge of two municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with 90,000 population equivalents. The wastewater contributes 14% of the total discharge of the river (average 1.0m3/s). Water samples were collected monthly at 12 sampling points from June 2010 to May 2011. Downstream the WWTPs the median concentrations of HHCB, AHTN and HHCB-lactone were 0.26μg/L, 0.06μg/L and 1.0μg/L, respectively. The effluent of the WWTPs was identified as main source of the synthetic musks in the surface water. The ratio of HHCB-lactone/HHCB showed significant seasonal variations indicating the influence of the water temperature on the degradation of HHCB in the surface water. A total of 251 trout was caught in two campaigns in October 2010 at 12 sampling points. The median concentrations of HHCB and AHTN in the trouts downstream the WWTPs significantly increased to 10.8μg/g lipid weight (LW) and 3.7μg/g LW, respectively.
ISSN:0304-3894
1873-3336
DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.06.027