Enhanced adsorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoate by bamboo-derived granular activated carbon

• Published in: Journal of hazardous materials 2015-01, Vol.282, p.150-157
• Main Authors: Deng, Shubo, Nie, Yao, Du, Ziwen, Huang, Qian, Meng, Pingping, Wang, Bin, Huang, Jun, Yu, Gang
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Activated carbon; Activation; Adsorption; Adsorption capacity; Alkanesulfonic Acids - analysis; Alkanesulfonic Acids - chemistry; Bamboo-derived activated carbon; Bambusa - ultrastructure; Caprylates - analysis; Caprylates - chemistry; Carbon - chemistry; Ethanol; Ethanol - chemistry; Ethyl alcohol; Fluorocarbons - analysis; Fluorocarbons - chemistry; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Methanol - chemistry; Methyl alcohol; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; PFOA; PFOS; Porosity; Recycling; Regeneration; Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis; Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry
• ISSN: 0304-3894; 1873-3336
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.03.045

•Granular bamboo-derived activated carbon is successfully prepared by KOH activation.•The micron and nano-sized pores are suitable for PFOS/PFOA diffusion and sorption.•The activated carbon has fast and high PFOS/PFOA adsorption.•Spent activated carbon can be regenerated in 50% methanol solution. A bamboo-derived granular activated carbon with large pores was successfully prepared by KOH activation, and used to remove perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) from aqueous solution. The granular activated carbon prepared at the KOH/C mass ratio of 4 and activation temperature of 900°C had fast and high adsorption for PFOS and PFOA. Their adsorption equilibrium was achieved within 24h, which was attributed to their fast diffusion in the micron-sized pores of activated carbon. This granular activated carbon exhibited the maximum adsorbed amount of 2.32mmol/g for PFOS and 1.15mmol/g for PFOA at pH 5.0, much higher than other granular and powdered activated carbons reported. The activated carbon prepared under the severe activation condition contained many enlarged pores, favorable for the adsorption of PFOS and PFOA. In addition, the spent activated carbon was hardly regenerated in NaOH/NaCl solution, while the regeneration efficiency was significantly enhanced in hot water and methanol/ethanol solution, indicating that hydrophobic interaction was mainly responsible for the adsorption. The regeneration percent was up to 98% using 50% ethanol solution at 45°C.