How Trichogramma survives during soybean offseason in Southern Brazil and the implications for its success as a biocontrol agent

Trichogramma species are important natural enemies of Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, a key pest of soybean in new world agroecosystems. Development, longevity and parasitism rate of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, Trichogramma acacioi Brun, Moraes and Soares and Trichogramma rojasi Nagaraja and Nagarka...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:BioControl (Dordrecht, Netherlands) Netherlands), 2015-02, Vol.60 (1), p.1-11
Main Authors: Foerster, Marion R, Marchioro, Cesar A, Foerster, Luís A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
adults
Agricultural ecosystems
Agriculture
agroecosystems
alternative hosts
Animal Biochemistry
Animal Ecology
Anticarsia gemmatalis
Behavioral Sciences
Biological control
biological control agents
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Eggs
Entomology
Females
Food sources
Host-parasite interactions
Life Sciences
Life span
Linear equations
longevity
Natural enemies
Parasitism
Parasitoids
Pest control
Plant Pathology
Seasons
Soybeans
Statistical analysis
Survival
Temperature
Trichogramma
Trichogramma pretiosum
Winter
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Summary:Trichogramma species are important natural enemies of Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, a key pest of soybean in new world agroecosystems. Development, longevity and parasitism rate of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, Trichogramma acacioi Brun, Moraes and Soares and Trichogramma rojasi Nagaraja and Nagarkatti were investigated under natural conditions throughout fall and winter in order to determine how these parasitoids survive during the soybean off-season in southern Brazil. All species remained active along the experimental period. Over 90 % of the parasitoids emerged throughout the off-season, except for T. rojasi which showed lower percentage of emergence in April and May. The reproductive activity was not interrupted during fall and winter, indicating that the parasitoids depend on alternative hosts to survive. Parasitoids survived during the off-season combining slow developmental rate with an increase in adult life span, an important adaptation that improves their chances of finding alternative hosts and food sources.
ISSN:1386-6141
1573-8248
DOI:10.1007/s10526-014-9616-5