Energetic 'self-extracted' H super(-) ions in a Ba surface conversion source

The production of negative hydrogen and deuterium ions is studied in the FOM surface conversion experiment (FOMSCE). In this experiment a barium surface is used to convert positive ions to negative ions. We have developed a detector able to analyze the characteristics of the surface-produced negativ...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Applied surface science 1993-01, Vol.70-71 (1-4 pt A), p.332-336
Main Authors: Heeren, RMA, de Graaf, MJ, Ciric, D, Hopman, HJ, Kleyn, A W
Format: Article
Language:English
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Summary:The production of negative hydrogen and deuterium ions is studied in the FOM surface conversion experiment (FOMSCE). In this experiment a barium surface is used to convert positive ions to negative ions. We have developed a detector able to analyze the characteristics of the surface-produced negative ion beam. Measurements with this detector show that in barium surface conversion sources negative ions can be formed by recoiling and direct reflection of positive ions from the barium surface.
ISSN:0169-4332