Patterns and causes of observed piñon pine mortality in the southwestern United States

91 I. 91 II. 92 III. 92 IV. 92 V. 94 VI. 96 96 References 96 SUMMARY: Recently, widespread piñon pine die‐off occurred in the southwestern United States. Here we synthesize observational studies of this event and compare findings to expected relationships with biotic and abiotic factors. Agreement e...

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Published in:The New phytologist 2015-04, Vol.206 (1), p.91-97
Main Authors: Meddens, Arjan J. H, Hicke, Jeffrey A, Macalady, Alison K, Buotte, Polly C, Cowles, Travis R, Allen, Craig D
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abiotic factors
Animals
Bark
bark beetle
Bark beetles
Beetles
Climate
Coleoptera
Coleoptera - physiology
die-off
Drought
Droughts
experimental design
Extreme drought
Geography
Ips confusus
Life tables
Mortality
Mortality patterns
Observational studies
Pine trees
Pinus - physiology
piñon pine
Plant Stems
Scolytidae
Soil
Soil insects
Soil water
Southwestern United States
southwestern USA
space and time
Stress, Physiological
Tansley insights
Temperature
Topographical elevation
tree mortality
Trees
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Summary:91 I. 91 II. 92 III. 92 IV. 92 V. 94 VI. 96 96 References 96 SUMMARY: Recently, widespread piñon pine die‐off occurred in the southwestern United States. Here we synthesize observational studies of this event and compare findings to expected relationships with biotic and abiotic factors. Agreement exists on the occurrence of drought, presence of bark beetles and increased mortality of larger trees. However, studies disagree about the influences of stem density, elevation and other factors, perhaps related to study design, location and impact of extreme drought. Detailed information about bark beetles is seldom reported and their role is poorly understood. Our analysis reveals substantial limits to our knowledge regarding the processes that produce mortality patterns across space and time, indicating a poor ability to forecast mortality in response to expected increases in future droughts.
ISSN:0028-646X
1469-8137
DOI:10.1111/nph.13193