Plexogenic arteriopathy in broiler lungs: Evaluation of line, age, and sex influences

• Published in: Poultry science 2015-04, Vol.94 (4), p.628-638
• Main Authors: Wideman, Jr, R F, Mason, J G, Anthony, N B, Cross, D
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Age Factors; Animals; Arkansas - epidemiology; Arterioles - pathology; Chickens; Disease Susceptibility - epidemiology; Disease Susceptibility - etiology; Disease Susceptibility - pathology; Disease Susceptibility - veterinary; Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension - epidemiology; Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension - genetics; Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension - pathology; Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension - veterinary; Female; Incidence; Lung - blood supply; Lung - pathology; Male; Oxygen - analysis; Partial Pressure; Poultry Diseases - epidemiology; Poultry Diseases - genetics; Poultry Diseases - pathology; Sex Factors
• ISSN: 0032-5791
• DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev018

Plexiform lesions form in the terminal pulmonary arterioles of human patients suffering from prolonged pulmonary arterial hypertension. Plexiform lesions also develop in broiler lungs, but lesion incidences are not strongly correlated with sustained pulmonary hypertension as reflected by right to total ventricular weight (RVTV) ratios. The present study was conducted to assess plexiform lesion incidences in broiler lines that have been divergently selected for susceptibility or resistance to pulmonary hypertension. Broilers from susceptible (SUS) and resistant (RES) lines were reared together and only clinically healthy (nonascitic, noncyanotic) individuals were evaluated to minimize potential line differences in cardiopulmonary hemodynamics. The objective was to determine if an innate genetic predisposition for plexogenic arteriopathy would be exposed in SUS broilers when compared with RES broilers in the absence of extreme differences in cardiopulmonary hemodynamics. Broilers up to 12 wk age from the SUS and RES lines had essentially equivalent BW, indices of cardiopulmonary function (left ventricle + septum weight, total ventricle weight, and RVTV ratios), and lung volumes within a sex. Average RVTV ratios for broilers from both lines were indicative of normal pulmonary arterial pressures at all ages sampled. Nevertheless, plexiform lesions were detected in SUS and RES broiler lungs immediately posthatch and thereafter at all ages sampled. Lesion incidences were consistently low and did not differ between the lines within any of the sampling ages. This evidence demonstrates that plexiform lesions develop extremely rapidly in broiler chicks, apparently without the prerequisite for vascular stress caused by severe, prolonged pulmonary arterial hypertension. No innate genetic predisposition for complex vascular lesion development appeared to exist in the SUS line when compared with the RES line.