Exercise and inflammation-related epigenetic modifications: focus on DNA methylation

Epigenetics is the study of mitotically or meiotically heritable phenotypes that occur as a result of modifications to DNA, thereby regulating gene expression independently of changes in base sequence due to manipulation of the chromatin structure. These modifications occur through a variety of mech...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Exercise immunology review 2015, Vol.21, p.26-41
Main Authors: Horsburgh, Steven, Robson-Ansley, Paula, Adams, Rozanne, Smith, Carine
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Animals, Newborn
Athletes
Carrier Proteins - physiology
CpG Islands
Cytokines - genetics
Cytokines - physiology
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - genetics
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - physiopathology
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - therapy
Disease Models, Animal
Disease Susceptibility
DNA Methylation
DNA-Binding Proteins - physiology
DNA-Cytosine Methylases - physiology
Epigenesis, Genetic
Exercise - physiology
Exercise Therapy
Forecasting
Glucocorticoids - pharmacology
Glucocorticoids - physiology
Humans
Inflammasomes - physiology
Inflammation - etiology
Inflammation - genetics
Inflammation - metabolism
Lipopolysaccharides - toxicity
Maternal Behavior
Molecular Targeted Therapy
Neoplasms - immunology
Neoplasms - physiopathology
Neoplasms - prevention & control
Neoplasms - therapy
NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein
Obesity - complications
Obesity - genetics
Obesity - physiopathology
Oxidoreductases, O-Demethylating - physiology
Rodentia
Stress, Psychological - genetics
Stress, Psychological - physiopathology
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Summary:Epigenetics is the study of mitotically or meiotically heritable phenotypes that occur as a result of modifications to DNA, thereby regulating gene expression independently of changes in base sequence due to manipulation of the chromatin structure. These modifications occur through a variety of mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, post-translational histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, and can cause transcriptional suppression or activation depending on the location within the gene. Environmental stimuli, such as diet and exercise, are thought to be able to regulate these mechanisms, with inflammation as a probable contributory factor. Research into these areas is still in its infancy however. This review will focus on DNA methylation in the context of inflammation (both pro- and anti-inflammatory processes) and exercise. The complexity and relative shortcomings of some existing techniques for studying epigenetics will be highlighted, and recommendations for future study approaches made.
ISSN:1077-5552