CME front and severe space weather

Thanks to the work of a number of scientists who made it known that severe space weather can cause extensive social and economic disruptions in the modern high‐technology society. It is therefore important to understand what determines the severity of space weather and whether it can be predicted. W...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of geophysical research. Space physics 2014-12, Vol.119 (12), p.10,041-10,058
Main Authors: Balan, N., Skoug, R., Tulasi Ram, S., Rajesh, P. K., Shiokawa, K., Otsuka, Y., Batista, I. S., Ebihara, Y., Nakamura, T.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alpha rays
CME-magnetosphere coupling
Coronal mass ejection
Earth
Economics
Electric power
electric power outage
Energetic particles
Energy
Extreme weather
Fronts
Fronts (meteorology)
Geomagnetic storms
Geomagnetism
GOES satellites
Heliosphere
Interplanetary magnetic field
Leading edges
Magnetic fields
Magnetic storms
Magnetosphere
Magnetospheres
Particle physics
severe space weather
Solar corona
Solar generators
Solar wind
Space weather
Storms
Tsunamis
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Summary:Thanks to the work of a number of scientists who made it known that severe space weather can cause extensive social and economic disruptions in the modern high‐technology society. It is therefore important to understand what determines the severity of space weather and whether it can be predicted. We present results obtained from the analysis of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), solar energetic particle (SEP) events, interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), CME‐magnetosphere coupling, and geomagnetic storms associated with the major space weather events since 1998 by combining data from the ACE and GOES satellites with geomagnetic parameters and the Carrington event of 1859, the Quebec event of 1989, and an event in 1958. The results seem to indicate that (1) it is the impulsive energy mainly due to the impulsive velocity and orientation of IMF Bz at the leading edge of the CMEs (or CME front) that determine the severity of space weather. (2) CMEs having high impulsive velocity (sudden nonfluctuating increase by over 275 km s−1 over the background) caused severe space weather (SvSW) in the heliosphere (failure of the solar wind ion mode of Solar Wind Electron Proton Alpha Monitor in ACE) probably by suddenly accelerating the high‐energy particles in the SEPs ahead directly or through the shocks. (3) The impact of such CMEs which also show the IMF Bz southward from the leading edge caused SvSW at the Earth including extreme geomagnetic storms of mean DstMP 
ISSN:2169-9380
2169-9402
DOI:10.1002/2014JA020151