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Evolution of the pygmy-forest edaphic subspecies of Pinus contorta across an ecological staircase

Patterns of allozyme variation within and between two of the subspecies of Pinus contorta were examined for the evolutionary relationship between them. In coastal northern California, these subspecies are parapatric. Pinus contorta ssp. contorta occurs on grassy coastal bluffs on the lowest and youn...

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Published in:Evolution 1994-08, Vol.48 (4), p.1009-1019
Main Authors: Aitken, Sally N., Libby, William J.
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description Patterns of allozyme variation within and between two of the subspecies of Pinus contorta were examined for the evolutionary relationship between them. In coastal northern California, these subspecies are parapatric. Pinus contorta ssp. contorta occurs on grassy coastal bluffs on the lowest and youngest of a sequence of five marine terraces; P contorta ssp. bolanderi is endemic to a pygmy forest ecosystem that occurs on the increasingly older and harsher soils of the third, fourth, and fifth terraces. The soils of the upper three terraces are characterized by extreme podzolization, low pH, low nutrient availability, summer drought (with periodic fires), and winter surface flooding above the hardpan. Dune and cliff soils support a tall redwood and Douglas-fir forest between the terraces. Analyses of seeds collected from 11 pygmy-forest and 6 coastal populations showed ssp. bolanderi to have significantly less allozyme variation than spp. contorta. The two subspecies did not show the phylogenetic dichotomy in allozyme allelic constitutions expected for subspecific classification. Within ssp. bolanderi, the pattern of genetic distances correlated better with edaphic differences among sites than with geographic distance. It appears that ssp. bolanderi is a recently evolved derivative of ssp. contorta, and that the low degree of allozyme differentiation among the bolanderi populations may be due to colonization of the sites by small numbers of individuals, or to hitchhiking of allozyme loci linked to loci undergoing strong selection imposed by the severe edaphic conditions typical of bolanderi sites.
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In coastal northern California, these subspecies are parapatric. Pinus contorta ssp. contorta occurs on grassy coastal bluffs on the lowest and youngest of a sequence of five marine terraces; P contorta ssp. bolanderi is endemic to a pygmy forest ecosystem that occurs on the increasingly older and harsher soils of the third, fourth, and fifth terraces. The soils of the upper three terraces are characterized by extreme podzolization, low pH, low nutrient availability, summer drought (with periodic fires), and winter surface flooding above the hardpan. Dune and cliff soils support a tall redwood and Douglas-fir forest between the terraces. Analyses of seeds collected from 11 pygmy-forest and 6 coastal populations showed ssp. bolanderi to have significantly less allozyme variation than spp. contorta. The two subspecies did not show the phylogenetic dichotomy in allozyme allelic constitutions expected for subspecific classification. Within ssp. bolanderi, the pattern of genetic distances correlated better with edaphic differences among sites than with geographic distance. It appears that ssp. bolanderi is a recently evolved derivative of ssp. contorta, and that the low degree of allozyme differentiation among the bolanderi populations may be due to colonization of the sites by small numbers of individuals, or to hitchhiking of allozyme loci linked to loci undergoing strong selection imposed by the severe edaphic conditions typical of bolanderi sites.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0014-3820</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1558-5646</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2307/2410362</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>St. Louis: Society for the Study of Evolution</publisher><subject>Alleles ; california ; californie ; Coastal forests ; Coniferous forests ; ecologia forestal ; ecologie forestiere ; Ecology ; edaphic factors ; enzimas ; enzyme ; enzymes ; evolucion ; Evolution ; facteur edaphique ; factores edaficos ; forest ecology ; Forest soils ; gene ; Gene flow ; genes ; Genetic aspects ; Genetic loci ; genetic variation ; habitat ; habitats ; heterocigotos ; heterozygote ; heterozygotes ; Isoenzymes ; loci ; locus ; Lodgepole pine ; natural selection ; Pinus contorta ; Plant population genetics ; Plant reproduction ; Population genetics ; Pygmy forests ; seleccion natural ; selection naturelle ; Terraces ; Trees ; variacion genetica ; variation genetique</subject><ispartof>Evolution, 1994-08, Vol.48 (4), p.1009-1019</ispartof><rights>Copyright 1994 The Society for the Study of Evolution</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 1994 Society for the Study of Evolution</rights><rights>Copyright Society for the Study of Evolution Aug 1994</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2556-47898af27dcf11cbeaacd6b7a8927f8adae8a5403a56d26fc0ad80e273b849403</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2410362$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/2410362$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,58238,58471</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Aitken, Sally N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Libby, William J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR</creatorcontrib><title>Evolution of the pygmy-forest edaphic subspecies of Pinus contorta across an ecological staircase</title><title>Evolution</title><description>Patterns of allozyme variation within and between two of the subspecies of Pinus contorta were examined for the evolutionary relationship between them. In coastal northern California, these subspecies are parapatric. Pinus contorta ssp. contorta occurs on grassy coastal bluffs on the lowest and youngest of a sequence of five marine terraces; P contorta ssp. bolanderi is endemic to a pygmy forest ecosystem that occurs on the increasingly older and harsher soils of the third, fourth, and fifth terraces. The soils of the upper three terraces are characterized by extreme podzolization, low pH, low nutrient availability, summer drought (with periodic fires), and winter surface flooding above the hardpan. Dune and cliff soils support a tall redwood and Douglas-fir forest between the terraces. Analyses of seeds collected from 11 pygmy-forest and 6 coastal populations showed ssp. bolanderi to have significantly less allozyme variation than spp. contorta. The two subspecies did not show the phylogenetic dichotomy in allozyme allelic constitutions expected for subspecific classification. Within ssp. bolanderi, the pattern of genetic distances correlated better with edaphic differences among sites than with geographic distance. It appears that ssp. bolanderi is a recently evolved derivative of ssp. contorta, and that the low degree of allozyme differentiation among the bolanderi populations may be due to colonization of the sites by small numbers of individuals, or to hitchhiking of allozyme loci linked to loci undergoing strong selection imposed by the severe edaphic conditions typical of bolanderi sites.</description><subject>Alleles</subject><subject>california</subject><subject>californie</subject><subject>Coastal forests</subject><subject>Coniferous forests</subject><subject>ecologia forestal</subject><subject>ecologie forestiere</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>edaphic factors</subject><subject>enzimas</subject><subject>enzyme</subject><subject>enzymes</subject><subject>evolucion</subject><subject>Evolution</subject><subject>facteur edaphique</subject><subject>factores edaficos</subject><subject>forest ecology</subject><subject>Forest soils</subject><subject>gene</subject><subject>Gene flow</subject><subject>genes</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Genetic loci</subject><subject>genetic variation</subject><subject>habitat</subject><subject>habitats</subject><subject>heterocigotos</subject><subject>heterozygote</subject><subject>heterozygotes</subject><subject>Isoenzymes</subject><subject>loci</subject><subject>locus</subject><subject>Lodgepole pine</subject><subject>natural selection</subject><subject>Pinus contorta</subject><subject>Plant population genetics</subject><subject>Plant reproduction</subject><subject>Population genetics</subject><subject>Pygmy forests</subject><subject>seleccion natural</subject><subject>selection naturelle</subject><subject>Terraces</subject><subject>Trees</subject><subject>variacion genetica</subject><subject>variation genetique</subject><issn>0014-3820</issn><issn>1558-5646</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1994</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp90d2L1DAQAPAgCq6n-B9IENEXq0nafPTxOM4POFDQew6z6aSXpZvUpBX2vzdr70kOmYeB4cfMMEPIS84-iJbpj6LjrFXiEdlxKU0jVacekx1jvGtaI9hT8qyUA2Osl7zfEbj-naZ1CSnS5Olyh3Q-jcdT41PGslAcYL4LjpZ1X2Z0AcuZfQ9xLdSluKS8AAWXUykUIkWXpjQGBxMtC4TsoOBz8sTDVPDFfb4gt5-uf159aW6-ff56dXnTOCGlajptegNe6MF5zt0eAdyg9hpML7Q3MAAakB1rQapBKO8YDIah0O3edH2tX5C3W985p19rXd4eQ3E4TRAxrcVypbkQQlX4-h94SGuOdTcrhGai1VJW9H5DI0xoQ_RpyeBGjJhhShF9qOVLrhTXRp-HNw_wGgMeg3vIv9v839Nl9HbO4Qj5ZDmz5zfa-zdW-WaTh1Kv_R_2amMekoUxh2Jvf_C-l4zLjhvV_gGdgaMj</recordid><startdate>19940801</startdate><enddate>19940801</enddate><creator>Aitken, Sally N.</creator><creator>Libby, William J.</creator><general>Society for the Study of Evolution</general><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19940801</creationdate><title>Evolution of the pygmy-forest edaphic subspecies of Pinus contorta across an ecological staircase</title><author>Aitken, Sally N. ; 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In coastal northern California, these subspecies are parapatric. Pinus contorta ssp. contorta occurs on grassy coastal bluffs on the lowest and youngest of a sequence of five marine terraces; P contorta ssp. bolanderi is endemic to a pygmy forest ecosystem that occurs on the increasingly older and harsher soils of the third, fourth, and fifth terraces. The soils of the upper three terraces are characterized by extreme podzolization, low pH, low nutrient availability, summer drought (with periodic fires), and winter surface flooding above the hardpan. Dune and cliff soils support a tall redwood and Douglas-fir forest between the terraces. Analyses of seeds collected from 11 pygmy-forest and 6 coastal populations showed ssp. bolanderi to have significantly less allozyme variation than spp. contorta. The two subspecies did not show the phylogenetic dichotomy in allozyme allelic constitutions expected for subspecific classification. Within ssp. bolanderi, the pattern of genetic distances correlated better with edaphic differences among sites than with geographic distance. It appears that ssp. bolanderi is a recently evolved derivative of ssp. contorta, and that the low degree of allozyme differentiation among the bolanderi populations may be due to colonization of the sites by small numbers of individuals, or to hitchhiking of allozyme loci linked to loci undergoing strong selection imposed by the severe edaphic conditions typical of bolanderi sites.</abstract><cop>St. Louis</cop><pub>Society for the Study of Evolution</pub><doi>10.2307/2410362</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record>
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source JSTOR Archival Journals and Primary Sources Collection; Alma/SFX Local Collection
subjects Alleles
california
californie
Coastal forests
Coniferous forests
ecologia forestal
ecologie forestiere
Ecology
edaphic factors
enzimas
enzyme
enzymes
evolucion
Evolution
facteur edaphique
factores edaficos
forest ecology
Forest soils
gene
Gene flow
genes
Genetic aspects
Genetic loci
genetic variation
habitat
habitats
heterocigotos
heterozygote
heterozygotes
Isoenzymes
loci
locus
Lodgepole pine
natural selection
Pinus contorta
Plant population genetics
Plant reproduction
Population genetics
Pygmy forests
seleccion natural
selection naturelle
Terraces
Trees
variacion genetica
variation genetique
title Evolution of the pygmy-forest edaphic subspecies of Pinus contorta across an ecological staircase
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