Two-dimensional wave patterns of spreading depolarization: Retracting, re-entrant, and stationary waves

We present spatio-temporal characteristics of spreading depolarizations (SD) in two experimental systems: retracting SD wave segments observed with intrinsic optical signals in chicken retina, and spontaneously occurring re-entrant SD waves that repeatedly spread across gyrencephalic feline cortex o...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Physica. D 2010-06, Vol.239 (11), p.889-903
Main Authors: Dahlem, Markus A., Graf, Rudolf, Strong, Anthony J., Dreier, Jens P., Dahlem, Yuliya A., Sieber, Michaela, Hanke, Wolfgang, Podoll, Klaus, Schöll, Eckehard
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Depolarization
Emergence
Joining
Migraine
Pattern formation
Reaction–diffusion
Segments
Spiral waves
Spreading
Spreads
Stroke
Strokes
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Summary:We present spatio-temporal characteristics of spreading depolarizations (SD) in two experimental systems: retracting SD wave segments observed with intrinsic optical signals in chicken retina, and spontaneously occurring re-entrant SD waves that repeatedly spread across gyrencephalic feline cortex observed by laser speckle flowmetry. A mathematical framework of reaction–diffusion systems with augmented transmission capabilities is developed to explain the emergence and transitions between these patterns. Our prediction is that the observed patterns are reaction–diffusion patterns controlled and modulated by weak nonlocal coupling such as long-range, time-delayed, and global coupling. The described spatio-temporal characteristics of SD are of important clinical relevance under conditions of migraine and stroke. In stroke, the emergence of re-entrant SD waves is believed to worsen outcome. In migraine, retracting SD wave segments cause neurological symptoms and transitions to stationary SD wave patterns may cause persistent symptoms without evidence from noninvasive imaging of infarction.
ISSN:0167-2789
1872-8022
DOI:10.1016/j.physd.2009.08.009