Multiparadigm scheduling for distributed real-time embedded computing

Increasingly complex requirements, coupled with tighter economic and organizational constraints, are making it hard to build complex distributed real-time embedded (DRE) systems entirely from scratch. Therefore, the proportion of DRE systems made up of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware and so...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Proceedings of the IEEE 2003-01, Vol.91 (1), p.183-197
Main Authors: Gill, C.D., Cytron, R.K., Schmidt, D.C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Applied sciences
Computer programs
Computer science
control theory
systems
Computer systems and distributed systems. User interface
Computer systems performance. Reliability
Economic forecasting
Embedded computing
Exact sciences and technology
Hardware
Jitter
Middleware
Mission critical systems
Operating systems
Processor scheduling
Quality of service
Real time
Real time systems
Scheduling
Software
Strategy
Studies
Voting machines
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Summary:Increasingly complex requirements, coupled with tighter economic and organizational constraints, are making it hard to build complex distributed real-time embedded (DRE) systems entirely from scratch. Therefore, the proportion of DRE systems made up of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware and software is increasing significantly. There are relatively few systematic empirical studies, however, that illustrate how suitable COTS-based hardware and software have become for mission-critical DRE systems. This paper provides the following contributions to the study of real-time quality-of-service (QoS) assurance and performance in COTS-based DRE systems: it presents evidence that flexible configuration of COTS middleware mechanisms, and the operating system (OS) settings they use, allows DRE systems to meet critical QoS requirements over a wider range of load and jitter conditions than statically configured systems; it shows that in addition to making critical QoS assurances, noncritical QoS performance can be improved through flexible support for alternative scheduling strategies; and it presents an empirical study of three canonical scheduling strategies; specifically the conditions that predict success of a strategy for a production-quality DRE avionics mission computing system. Our results show that applying a flexible scheduling framework to COTS hardware, OSs, and middleware improves real-time QoS assurance and performance for mission-critical DRE systems.
ISSN:0018-9219
1558-2256
DOI:10.1109/JPROC.2002.805822