Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry study of the protective effects of fluoride varnish and gel on enamel erosion

• Published in: Microscopy research and technique 2011-09, Vol.74 (9), p.839-844
• Main Authors: De Carvalho Filho, Antonio Carlos Belfort, Sanches, Roberto Pizarro, Martin, Airton Abrahão, Do Espírito Santo, Ana Maria, Soares, Luís Eduardo Silva
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acids - toxicity; Animals; beverages; Cattle; demineralization; Dental Enamel - drug effects; Dental Enamel - ultrastructure; Dissolution; Enamels; Erosion; Fluorides; Fluorides, Topical - administration & dosage; Gels - administration & dosage; In Vitro Techniques; Juices; Protective; remineralization; Saliva; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; Surface Properties; Tooth Erosion - prevention & control; Varnishes; X-ray fluorescence
• ISSN: 1059-910X; 1097-0029; 1097-0029
• DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20966

Background: Dental erosion is a risk factor for dental health, introduced by today's lifestyle. Topical fluoride applications in the form of varnishes and gel may lead to deposition of fluoride on enamel. Purpose: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of two fluoride varnishes and one fluoride gel on the dissolution of bovine enamel by acids. Methods: Enamel samples (72) were divided (n = 8): artificial saliva (control‐G1), Pepsi Twist® (G2), orange juice (G3), Duraphat® + Pepsi Twist® (G4), Duraphat® + orange juice (G5), Duofluorid® + Pepsi Twist® (G6), Duofluorid® + orange juice (G7), fluoride gel + Pepsi Twist® (G8), and fluoride gel + orange juice (G9). Fluoride gel was applied for 4 min and the varnishes were applied and removed after 6 h. The samples were submitted to six cycles (demineralization: Pepsi Twist® or orange juice, 10 min; remineralization: saliva, 1 h). Samples were analyzed by energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (144 line‐scanning). Results: The amount of Ca and P decreased significantly in the samples of G2 and G3, and the Ca/P ratio decreased in G3. Mineral gain (Ca) was greater in G9 samples than in G4 > G3 > G5 > G1, and (P) greater in G7 samples than in G9 > G4‐6 > G2‐3. Conclusions: The protective effect of Duofluorid® was significantly lower than fluoride gel against orange juice. The fluoride varnishes can interfere positively with the dissolution of dental enamel in the presence of acidic beverages. Fluoride gel showed the best protection level to extrinsic erosion with low costs. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.