An agent-based model to study market penetration of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles

• Published in: Energy policy 2011-06, Vol.39 (6), p.3789-3802
• Main Authors: Eppstein, Margaret J., Grover, David K., Marshall, Jeffrey S., Rizzo, Donna M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agent-based model; Applied sciences; Battery; Computer simulation; Consumer behavior; Economic data; Electric energy; Energy; Energy economics; Energy policy; Exact sciences and technology; Gasoline; Gasoline prices; General, economic and professional studies; Hybrid vehicles; Market penetration; Markets; Methodology. Modelling; Nonlinearity; Penetration; Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles; Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles Market penetration Agent-based model; Simulation; Studies; Vehicles
• ISSN: 0301-4215; 1873-6777
• DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2011.04.007

A spatially explicit agent-based vehicle consumer choice model is developed to explore sensitivities and nonlinear interactions between various potential influences on plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHEV) market penetration. The model accounts for spatial and social effects (including threshold effects, homophily, and conformity) and media influences. Preliminary simulations demonstrate how such a model could be used to identify nonlinear interactions among potential leverage points, inform policies affecting PHEV market penetration, and help identify future data collection necessary to more accurately model the system. We examine sensitivity of the model to gasoline prices, to accuracy in estimation of fuel costs, to agent willingness to adopt the PHEV technology, to PHEV purchase price and rebates, to PHEV battery range, and to heuristic values related to gasoline usage. Our simulations indicate that PHEV market penetration could be enhanced significantly by providing consumers with ready estimates of expected lifetime fuel costs associated with different vehicles (e.g., on vehicle stickers), and that increases in gasoline prices could nonlinearly magnify the impact on fleet efficiency. We also infer that a potential synergy from a gasoline tax with proceeds is used to fund research into longer-range lower-cost PHEV batteries. ► We model consumer agents to study potential market penetration of PHEVs. ► The model accounts for spatial, social, and media effects. ► We identify interactions among potential leverage points that could inform policy. ► Consumer access to expected lifetime fuel costs may enhance PHEV market penetration. ► Increasing PHEV battery range has synergistic effects on fleet efficiency.