Current insights into neutrophil homeostasis

Neutrophil granulocytes represent the first immunologic barrier against invading pathogens, and neutropenia predisposes to infection. However, neutrophils may also cause significant collateral inflammatory damage. Therefore, neutrophil numbers are tightly regulated by an incompletely understood home...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2012-08, Vol.1266 (1), p.171-178
Main Authors: Bugl, Stefanie, Wirths, Stefan, Müller, Martin R., Radsak, Markus P., Kopp, Hans-Georg
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adhesion
Animals
Cell Differentiation
Control systems
Control theory
Correlation
Feedback
Feedback control
Feedback, Physiological
Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor - physiology
granulopoiesis
Homeostasis
Humans
Hypotheses
Mice
Mice, Knockout
Myelopoiesis
neutropenia
Neutrophils
Neutrophils - cytology
Neutrophils - immunology
Neutrophils - physiology
Receptors, Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor - physiology
Rodents
Stromal Cells - cytology
Stromal Cells - physiology
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Summary:Neutrophil granulocytes represent the first immunologic barrier against invading pathogens, and neutropenia predisposes to infection. However, neutrophils may also cause significant collateral inflammatory damage. Therefore, neutrophil numbers are tightly regulated by an incompletely understood homeostatic feedback loop adjusting the marrow's supply to peripheral needs. Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) is accepted to be the major determinant of neutrophil production, and G‐CSF levels have, soon after its discovery, been described to be inversely correlated with neutrophil counts. A neutrophil sensor, or “neutrostat,” has, therefore, been postulated. The prevailing feedback hypothesis was established in adhesion molecule–deficient mice; it includes macrophages and Th17 cells, which determine G‐CSF levels in response to the number of peripherally transmigrated, apoptosing neutrophils. Recent work has deepened our understanding of homeostatic regulation of neutrophil granulopoiesis, but there are still inconsistent findings and unresolved questions when it comes to a plausible hypothesis, similar to the feedback control models of red cell or platelet homeostasis.
ISSN:0077-8923
1749-6632
DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06607.x