Determination of TiO sub(2), ZrO sub(2), and Al sub(2)O sub(3) Nanoparticles on Genotoxic Responses in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes and Cultured Embyronic Kidney Cells

In this study a genotoxic evaluation of titanium dioxide (TiO sub(2), 2.3 nm), zirconium oxide (ZrO sub(2), 6 nm), aluminum oxide (Al sub(2)O sub(3), 16.7 nm) nanoparticles (NP) and their ionic forms was conducted using human peripheral blood lymphocytes and cultured human embryonic kidney (HEK293)...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues Part A: Current Issues, 2013-08, Vol.76 (16), p.990-1002
Main Authors: Demir, Esref, Burgucu, Durmus, Turna, Fatma, Aksakal, Sezgin, Kaya, Buelent
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aluminum oxide
Bioassay
Damage detection
Genotoxicity
Human
Kidneys
Titanium dioxide
Zirconium dioxide
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Summary:In this study a genotoxic evaluation of titanium dioxide (TiO sub(2), 2.3 nm), zirconium oxide (ZrO sub(2), 6 nm), aluminum oxide (Al sub(2)O sub(3), 16.7 nm) nanoparticles (NP) and their ionic forms was conducted using human peripheral blood lymphocytes and cultured human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells by means of a modified alkaline comet assay with/without the formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (Fpg) and endonuclease III (Endo III) enzymes. Modifications to the comet assay by using lesion-specific endonucleases, such as Endo III and Fpg, detect DNA bases with oxidative damage. Both human peripheral blood lymphocytes and cultured embryonic kidney cells were incubated with TiO sub(2), ZrO sub(2), or Al sub(2)O sub(3) NP at concentrations of 1, 10, or 100 mu g/ml. Our results showed no significant induction in DNA damage by the comet assay with/without the Endo III and Fpg enzymes at all concentrations of ZrO sub(2) and Al sub(2)O sub(3). In the case of TiO sub(2) NP only the highest concentration of 100 mu g/ml significantly induced a genotoxic response. Data thus indicate that both ZrO sub(2) and Al sub(2)O sub(3) NP were not genotoxic in our system and in the case of TiO sub(2) the lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) for genotoxicity was 100 mu g/ml. Evidence indicates that these metallic NP are considered safe in light of the fact that no genotoxicity was noted with ZrO sub(2) and Al sub(2)O sub(3) and that the highest TiO sub(2) concentration is not environmentally relevant.
ISSN:1528-7394
1087-2620
DOI:10.1080/15287394.2013.830584