Synthesis of alkyne-terminated xanthate RAFT agents and their uses for the controlled radical polymerization of N-vinylpyrrolidone and the synthesis of its block copolymer using click chemistry

• Published in: Journal of applied polymer science 2013-03, Vol.127 (6), p.4305-4317
• Main Authors: Patel, Vijay Kumar, Vishwakarma, Niraj Kumar, Mishra, Avnish Kumar, Biswas, Chandra Sekhar, Maiti, Pralay, Ray, Biswajit
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: alkyne-terminated xanthate RAFT agent; Alkynes; Applied sciences; Block copolymers; click chemistry; Conversion; Exact sciences and technology; Materials science; Monomers; N-vinylpyrrolidone; Organic polymers; Physicochemistry of polymers; poly(NVP)-b-polystyrene; Polymerization; Polymers; Preparation, kinetics, thermodynamics, mechanism and catalysts; Radicals; RAFT polymerization; Rafts; Synthesis
• ISSN: 0021-8995; 1097-4628
• DOI: 10.1002/app.38037

Two new alkyne‐terminated xanthate reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) agents: (S)‐2‐(Propynyl propionate)‐(O‐ethyl xanthate) (X3) and (S)‐2‐(Propynyl isobutyrate)‐(O‐ethyl xanthate) (X4) were synthesized and characterized and used for the controlled radical polymerization of N‐vinylpyrrolidone (NVP). X3 showed better chain transfer ability in the polymerization at 60°C. Molecular weight of the resulted polymer increased linearly with the increase in monomer loading. Kinetics study with X3 showed the pseudo‐first order kinetics up to 67% monomer conversion. Molecular weight (Mn) of the resulting polymer increased linearly with the increase in the monomer conversion up to around 67%. With the increase in the monomer conversion, polydispersity of the corresponding poly(NVP)s initially decreased from 1.34 to 1.32 and then increased gradually to 1.58. Chain‐end analysis of the resulting polymer by 1H‐NMR and FTIR showed clearly that polymerization started with radical forming out of xanthate RAFT agent. Living nature of the polymerization was also confirmed from the successful homo‐chain extension experiment and the hetero‐chain extension experiment involving synthesis of poly(NVP)‐b‐polystyrene amphiphilic diblock copolymer. Formed alkyne‐terminated poly(NVP) also allowed easy conjugation to azide‐terminated polystyrene by click chemistry to prepare well‐defined poly(NVP)‐b‐polystyrene block copolymers. Resulting polymers were characterized by GPC, 1H‐NMR, FTIR, and thermal study. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013