Early-spring gas exchange and uptake of deuterium-labelled water in the poikilohydric fern Polypodium virginianum

• Published in: Oecologia 1993-01, Vol.95 (1), p.9-13
• Main Authors: Matthes-Sears, U, Kelly, P.E, Larson, D.W
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animal and plant ecology; Animal, plant and microbial ecology; Autoecology; Biological and medical sciences; Curling; Deuterium; Ferns; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; gas exchange; leaf conductance; Photosynthesis; Plants; Plants and fungi; Polypodium; Polypodium virginianum; Soil air; Soil temperature; Soil temperature regimes; spring; temperature; Virgin soils; Water uptake
• ISSN: 0029-8549; 1432-1939
• DOI: 10.1007/BF00649500

This study was carried out to determine if the desiccation-tolerant fern Polypodium virginianum L. ecologically resembles lower plants by absorbing atmospheric water through its fronds and actively growing in early spring when the soil along cliff edges is still frozen. Three times between February and April, 1991, P. virginianum clonal mats were treated with deuterium-labelled water. Following each application, fronds were collected over several days and analyzed for the presence of deuterium. Two treatment groups plus a control were used: fronds were sprayed directly while covering the soil, or the roots were watered while protecting the fronds. The control mats were left untreated. Soil, air, and frond temperatures, plus photosynthesis and frond conductance were monitored throughout the study period. At subfreezing temperatures in February, no labelled water was taken up from the soil and no photosynthesis took place. Small amounts of label were absorbed from the soil in March during freeze-thaw cycles when rates of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were both low. Large amounts of label were taken up from the soil in April when the soil was fully thawed and gas exchange was at normal seasonal levels. Label was not absorbed directly through the fronds when the plants were actively growing. Despite the desiccation tolerance of P. virginianum, the timing and patterns of its water uptake and gas exchange in early spring resemble those found in higher vascular plants, not poikilohydric lower plants.