Neuroprotective role of hydroalcoholic extract of Vitis vinifera against aluminium-induced oxidative stress in rat brain

• Published in: Neurotoxicology (Park Forest South) 2014-03, Vol.41, p.73-79
• Main Authors: LAKSHMI, B. V. S, SUDHAKAR, M, ANISHA, M
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acetyltransferases - metabolism; Aluminum - toxicity; Animals; Avoidance Learning - drug effects; Biological and medical sciences; Brain - drug effects; Brain - physiology; Catalase - metabolism; Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases; Exploratory Behavior - drug effects; Glutathione - metabolism; Glutathione Reductase - metabolism; Lipid Peroxidation - drug effects; Male; Medical sciences; Metals and various inorganic compounds; Motor Activity - drug effects; Neuroprotective Agents - pharmacology; Oxidative Stress - drug effects; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Toxicology; Vitis - chemistry; Vitis vinifera
• ISSN: 0161-813X; 1872-9711
• DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.01.003

The present study was designed to examine the protective potential of hydroalcoholic extract of Vitis vinifera in ameliorating the alterations induced by aluminium (Al) on behavioural and neurochemical indices. Al was given orally (100mg/kg b.wt./day) whereas V. vinifera extract was administered through diet (400mg/kg, p.o.) to rats for a total duration of 45 days. Passive avoidance and open field tests revealed significant alterations in the short-term memory and cognitive behaviour in rats treated with Al. Further, locomotor as well as muscular activities were also found to be significantly affected. Co-administration of V. vinifera extract with Al caused significant improvement in the short-term memory, cognition, anxiety, locomotion and muscular activity. Al exposure led to a significant decrease in the acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain, increase in serum glucose, TG, TC, ALP and ALT. Anti-oxidant parameters-reduced glutathione, catalase and glutathione reductase levels were also found to be significantly decreased but the levels of lipid peroxidation was significantly increased in brain following Al treatment. V. vinifera extract supplementation to Al treated animals caused a significant improvement in the activity of enzyme acetylcholinesterase which was altered by Al. Serum glucose, TG, TC, ALP and ALT were brought back to normal levels. Further, V. vinifera extract when given along with Al was also able to regulate the levels of Anti-oxidant parameters in brain and the values were found close to the normal controls. Histopathological studies revealed neurodegeneration and vacuolated cytoplasm after Al treatment. Therefore, the study strengthens the hypothesis that V. vinifera extract can be used as a neuroprotectant during Al induced neurotoxicity.