Enzymatic cyanide degradation by cell-free extract of Rhodococcus UKMP−5M

• Published in: Journal of environmental science and health. Part A, Toxic/hazardous substances & environmental engineering Toxic/hazardous substances & environmental engineering, 2015-03, Vol.50 (4), p.357-364
• Main Authors: Nallapan Maniyam, Maegala, Sjahrir, Fridelina, Latif Ibrahim, Abdul, Cass, Anthony E.G.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Ammonia - metabolism; Bacterial proteins; Bacterial Proteins - metabolism; Beads; Biodegradation; Biodegradation, Environmental; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Survival; Cell-free extract; Cell-Free System; Chemical compounds; cyanidase; cyanide; Cyanides; Cyanides - metabolism; Degradation; Economics; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; enzymatic degradation; Enzymes; Extraction processes; Formates; Formates - metabolism; Gram-positive bacteria; Hydrolases - metabolism; Molecular weight; Nutrients; Proteins; Rhodococcus; Rhodococcus - metabolism; Rhodococcus UKMP-5M
• ISSN: 1093-4529; 1532-4117
• DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2015.987524

The cell-free extract of locally isolated Rhodococcus UKMP-5M strain was used as an alternative to develop greener and cost effective cyanide removal technology. The present study aims to assess the viability of the cell-free extract to detoxify high concentrations of cyanide which is measured through the monitoring of protein concentration and specific cyanide-degrading activity. When cyanide-grown cells were subjected to grinding in liquid nitrogen which is relatively an inexpressive and fast cell disruption method, highest cyanide-degrading activity of 0.63 mM min −1 mg −1 protein was obtained in comparison to enzymatic lysis and agitation with fine glass beads. The cell-free extracts managed to degrade 80% of 20 mM KCN within 80 min and the rate of cyanide consumption increased linearly as the concentration of protein was raised. In both cases, the addition of co-factor was not required which proved to be advantageous economically. The successful formation of ammonia and formate as endproducts indicated that the degradation of cyanide by Rhodococcus UKMP−5M proceeded via the activity of cyanidase and the resulting non-toxic products are safe for disposal into the environment. Further verification with SDS-PAGE revealed that the molecular weight of the active enzyme was estimated to be 38 kDa, which is consistent with previously reported cyanidases. Thus, the utilization of cell-free extracts as an alternative to live microbial in cyanide degradation offers numerous advantageous such as the potential to tolerate and degrade higher concentration of cyanide and total reduction in the overall cost of operation since the requirement for nutrient support is irrelevant.