First experience with the new Coupling Loss Induced Quench system

• Published in: Cryogenics (Guildford) 2014-03, Vol.60, p.33-43
• Main Authors: Ravaioli, E., Datskov, V.I., Dudarev, A.V., Kirby, G., Sperin, K.A., ten Kate, H.H.J., Verweij, A.P.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: AC losses; Accelerator magnet; CERN; Circuit modeling; Coiling; Coupling losses; Electric potential; Joining; Magnetic fields; Quench protection; Solenoids; Strands; Superconducting coil; Winding
• ISSN: 0011-2275; 1879-2235
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2014.01.008

•A new quench protection system: Coupling-Loss Induced Quench (CLIQ).•The CLIQ generates heat in a superconductor by introducing coupling losses.•Extensive testing on a Nb–Ti single-wire test solenoid magnet.•Key operating parameters are highlighted and optimized.•An alternative design is based on a CLIQ discharge through an external coil. New-generation high-field superconducting magnets pose a challenge relating to the protection of the coil winding pack in the case of a quench. The high stored energy per unit volume calls for a very efficient quench detection and fast quench propagation in order to avoid damage due to overheating. A new protection system called Coupling-Loss Induced Quench (CLIQ) was recently developed and tested at CERN. This method provokes a fast change in the magnet transport current by means of a capacitive discharge. The resulting change in the local magnetic field induces inter-filament and inter-strand coupling losses which heat up the superconductor and eventually initiate a quench in a large fraction of the coil winding pack. The method is extensively tested on a Nb–Ti single-wire test solenoid magnet in the CERN Cryogenic Laboratory in order to assess its performance, optimize its operating parameters, and study new electrical configurations. Each parameter is thoroughly analyzed and its impact on the quench efficiency highlighted. Furthermore, an alternative method is also considered, based on a CLIQ discharge through a resistive coil magnetically coupled with the solenoid but external to it. Due to the strong coupling between the external coil and the magnet, the oscillating current in the external coil changes the magnetic field in the solenoid strands and thus generates coupling losses in the strands. Although for a given charging voltage this configuration usually yields poorer quench performance than a standard CLIQ discharge, it has the advantage of being electrically insulated from the solenoid coil, and thus it can work with much higher voltage.