Performance of Multi-Hop Cooperative Networks Subject to Timing Synchronization Errors

In this paper, we propose a mathematical model for timing synchronization errors in a cascaded virtual multi-hop multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system that incorporates cooperation at each hop using decode-and-forward (DF) algorithm. Specifically, the DF relays are grouped to form clusters an...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on communications 2015-03, Vol.63 (3), p.655-666
Main Authors: Hussain, Muddassar, Hassan, Syed Ali
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
BEP
Clusters
Codes
cooperative transmissions
CSI
decodeand-forward
Delays
Error analysis
Errors
Fading
Mathematical models
MIMO
Networks
Receivers
Relays
Synchronism
Synchronization
Time measurements
timing synchronization
Training
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Summary:In this paper, we propose a mathematical model for timing synchronization errors in a cascaded virtual multi-hop multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system that incorporates cooperation at each hop using decode-and-forward (DF) algorithm. Specifically, the DF relays are grouped to form clusters and one cluster transmits the same data to the next cluster over orthogonal fading channels. The proposed error model is used to study the statistics of the timing error from one cluster to the next and it has been shown that the variance of the timing errors gradually increases as the data traverse the multi-hop network. The effects of the timing errors on the bit error probability (BEP) performance of the system have been quantified. For that purpose, the closed-form expressions of the BEP for the network are derived for every hop with a particular number of nodes per hop. The results indicate that the BEP performance of the system degrades as the data propagates from hop to hop. We quantify the minimum required SNR and the optimal number of relays per cluster that guarantee successful traversal of data to a specified number of hop while keeping overall BEP below a defined threshold.
ISSN:0090-6778
1558-0857
DOI:10.1109/TCOMM.2015.2388751