Green analytical determination of emerging pollutants in environmental waters using excitation–emission photoinduced fluorescence data and multivariate calibration

• Published in: Talanta (Oxford) 2015-03, Vol.134, p.215-223
• Main Authors: Hurtado-Sánchez, María del Carmen, Lozano, Valeria A., Rodríguez-Cáceres, María Isabel, Durán-Merás, Isabel, Escandar, Graciela M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Algorithms; Carbamazepine - analysis; Chromatography; Drinking Water - chemistry; Emerging pollutants; Excitation; Extraction; Fluorescence; Fresh Water - chemistry; Green Chemistry Technology; Humans; Limit of Detection; Mathematical analysis; Ofloxacin - analysis; Photoinduced fluorescence; Piroxicam - analysis; Pollutants; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Strategy; Ultraviolet Rays; Unfolded partial least-squares/residual bilinearization; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis; Water samples
• ISSN: 0039-9140; 1873-3573
• DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.11.022

An eco-friendly strategy for the simultaneous quantification of three emerging pharmaceutical contaminants is presented. The proposed analytical method, which involves photochemically induced fluorescence matrix data combined with second-order chemometric analysis, was used for the determination of carbamazepine, ofloxacin and piroxicam in water samples of different complexity without the need of chromatographic separation. Excitation–emission photoinduced fluorescence matrices were obtained after UV irradiation, and processed with second-order algorithms. Only one of the tested algorithms was able to overcome the strong spectral overlapping among the studied pollutants and allowed their successful quantitation in very interferent media. The method sensitivity in superficial and underground water samples was enhanced by a simple solid-phase extraction with C18 membranes, which was successful for the extraction/preconcentration of the pollutants at trace levels. Detection limits in preconcentrated (1:125) real water samples ranged from 0.04 to 0.3ngmL−1. Relative prediction errors around 10% were achieved. The proposed strategy is significantly simpler and greener than liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods, without compromising the analytical quality of the results. [Display omitted] •A sustainable and reliable method for three emerging pollutants is developed.•Photoinduced fluorescence was successfully combined with second-order calibration.•Selectivity in interfering media was attained with a proper second-order algorithm.•Rigorous detection limits are estimated in natural waters using green chemistry.