Oxidative stress and DNA methylation regulation in the metabolic syndrome

DNA methylation is implicated in tissue-specific gene expression and genomic imprinting. It is modulated by environmental factors, especially nutrition. Modified DNA methylation patterns may contribute to health problems and susceptibility to complex diseases. Current advances have suggested that th...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Epigenomics 2015-04, Vol.7 (2), p.283-300
Main Authors: Yara, Sabrina, Lavoie, Jean-Claude, Levy, Emile
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis
antioxidant defense
Antioxidants
Cancer
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - etiology
DNA
DNA Methylation
Environmental factors
Enzymes
Epigenesis, Genetic
Epigenetic inheritance
Epigenetics
fetal programming
Gene expression
Genomes
Genomic imprinting
Health aspects
Homocysteine
Humans
Hypertension
Hypertension - etiology
Inflammation
Metabolic disorders
Metabolic syndrome
Metabolic Syndrome - enzymology
Metabolic Syndrome - etiology
Metabolic Syndrome - genetics
Metabolic Syndrome - metabolism
Methods
Nucleotides
Nutrition
Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
Obesity - etiology
Oxidative Stress
Proteins
Tumorigenesis
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Summary:DNA methylation is implicated in tissue-specific gene expression and genomic imprinting. It is modulated by environmental factors, especially nutrition. Modified DNA methylation patterns may contribute to health problems and susceptibility to complex diseases. Current advances have suggested that the metabolic syndrome (MS) is a programmable disease, which is characterized by epigenetic modifications of vital genes when exposed to oxidative stress. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to critically review the central context of MS while presenting the most recent knowledge related to epigenetic alterations that are promoted by oxidative stress. Potential pro-oxidant mechanisms that orchestrate changes in methylation profiling and are related to obesity, diabetes and hypertension are discussed. It is anticipated that the identification and understanding of the role of DNA methylation marks could be used to uncover early predictors and define drugs or diet-related treatments able to delay or reverse epigenetic changes, thereby combating MS burden.
ISSN:1750-1911
1750-192X
DOI:10.2217/epi.14.84