Long-term outcome of congenital aortic valve stenosis: predictors of reintervention

Objectives: To evaluate long-term outcome of initial aortic valve intervention in a paediatric population with congenital aortic stenosis, and to determine risk factors associated with reintervention. Patients and methods: From 1985 to 2009, 77 patients with congenital aortic stenosis and a mean age...

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Published in:Cardiology in the young 2015-06, Vol.25 (5), p.893-902
Main Authors: Hochstrasser, Léa, Ruchat, Patrick, Sekarski, Nicole, Hurni, Michel, von Segesser, Ludwig K.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aortic Valve Stenosis - congenital
Aortic Valve Stenosis - diagnostic imaging
Aortic Valve Stenosis - surgery
Child, Preschool
Echocardiography
Female
Humans
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Male
Original Articles
Recurrence
Reoperation
Risk Factors
Survival Rate
Treatment Outcome
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Summary:Objectives: To evaluate long-term outcome of initial aortic valve intervention in a paediatric population with congenital aortic stenosis, and to determine risk factors associated with reintervention. Patients and methods: From 1985 to 2009, 77 patients with congenital aortic stenosis and a mean age of 5.8±5.6 years at diagnosis were followed up in our institution for 14.8±9.1 years. Results: First intervention was successful with 86% of patients having a residual peak aortic gradient 1 regurgitation increased by 7%. Long-term survival after the first procedure was excellent, with 91% survival at 25 years. At a mean interval of 7.6±5.3 years, 30 patients required a reintervention (39%), mainly because of a recurrent aortic stenosis. Freedom from reintervention was 97, 89, 75, 53, and 42% at 1, 10, 15, 20, and 25 years, respectively. Predictors of reintervention were residual peak aortic gradient (p=0.0001), aortic regurgitation post-intervention >1 (p=0.02), prior balloon aortic valvuloplasty (p=0.04), and increased left ventricular posterior wall thickness (p=0.1). Conclusions: Aortic valve intervention is a safe and effective procedure for congenital aortic stenosis with excellent survival results. However, rate of reintervention is high and influenced by increased left ventricular posterior wall thickness pre-intervention, prior balloon valvuloplasty, higher residual peak systolic valve gradient, and more than mild regurgitation post-intervention. The study highlights that long-term follow-up is recommended for these patients.
ISSN:1047-9511
1467-1107
DOI:10.1017/S1047951114001085