Tunable Loading of Single-Stranded DNA on Gold Nanorods through the Displacement of Polyvinylpyrrolidone

A quantitative and tunable loading of single-stranded (ss-DNA) molecules onto gold nanorods was achieved through a new method of surfactant exchange. This new method involves the exchange of cetyltrimethyl­ammonium bromide surfactants for an intermediate stabilizing layer of polyvinyl­pyrrolidone an...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Analytical chemistry (Washington) 2013-10, Vol.85 (20), p.9960-9967
Main Authors: Pekcevik, Idah C., Poon, Lester C. H., Wang, Michael C. P., Gates, Byron D.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biochemistry
Capping
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Displacement
DNA
DNA, Single-Stranded - chemistry
Exchange
Gold
Gold - chemistry
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Molecules
Nanoparticles
Nanorods
Nanotubes - chemistry
Polymers
Polyvinylpyrrolidone
Povidone - chemistry
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate - chemistry
Surface Properties
Surface-Active Agents - chemistry
Surfactants
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Summary:A quantitative and tunable loading of single-stranded (ss-DNA) molecules onto gold nanorods was achieved through a new method of surfactant exchange. This new method involves the exchange of cetyltrimethyl­ammonium bromide surfactants for an intermediate stabilizing layer of polyvinyl­pyrrolidone and sodium dodecylsulfate. The intermediate layer of surfactants on the anisotropic gold particles was easily displaced by thiolated ss-DNA, forming a tunable density of single-stranded DNA molecules on the surfaces of the gold nanorods. The success of this ligand exchange process was monitored in part through the combination of extinction, X-ray photoelectron, and infrared absorption spectroscopies. The number of ss-DNA molecules per nanorod for nanorods with a high density of ss-DNA molecules was quantified through a combination of fluorescence measurements and elemental analysis, and the functionality of the nanorods capped with dense monolayers of DNA was assessed using a hybridization assay. Core–satellite assemblies were successfully prepared from spherical particles containing a probe DNA molecule and a nanorod core capped with complementary ss-DNA molecules. The methods demonstrated herein for quantitatively fine tuning and maximizing, or otherwise optimizing, the loading of ss-DNA in monolayers on gold nanorods could be a useful methodology for decorating gold nanoparticles with multiple types of biofunctional molecules.
ISSN:0003-2700
1520-6882
DOI:10.1021/ac4027737