Diurnal and nocturnal variations of trace metals in urban atmospheric particulate matter from Islamabad, Pakistan

Concentrations of Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Pb and Zn are measured in the atmospheric particulates from urban Islamabad, Pakistan during diurnal and nocturnal periods. On an average, the total suspended particulates and concentrations of Ca, Fe and Mg levels are considerably higher during day...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental earth sciences 2014-01, Vol.71 (2), p.817-826
Main Authors: Ahmed, Faraz, Shah, Munir H, Shaheen, Nazia
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Airborne particulates
Anthropogenic factors
Atmospherics
Biogeosciences
Cadmium
calcium
Chromium
cities
cobalt
combustion
Copper
Earth and Environmental Science
Earth Sciences
Earth, ocean, space
Emission analysis
emissions
Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics
Environmental Science and Engineering
Exact sciences and technology
Geochemistry
Geology
Hydrology/Water Resources
Industrial emissions
iron
Karst
Lead
Lead (metal)
Magnesium
manganese
Marine and continental quaternary
Metal concentrations
Original Article
Pakistan
Particulate matter
particulates
Pollution, environment geology
principal component analysis
Principal components analysis
Surficial geology
Suspended particulate matter
Terrestrial Pollution
Trace elements
Trace metals
Urban areas
Vehicle emissions
zinc
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Description
Summary:Concentrations of Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Pb and Zn are measured in the atmospheric particulates from urban Islamabad, Pakistan during diurnal and nocturnal periods. On an average, the total suspended particulates and concentrations of Ca, Fe and Mg levels are considerably higher during day time and Cu concentrations are higher during night time. Significantly diverse correlations of elements are observed both during diurnal and nocturnal particulates. Multivariate principal component analysis reveals major anthropogenic contributions due to automobile emissions, combustion processes and industrial emissions. Enrichment factors show dominant anthropogenic contributions of Cd and Pb, followed by Co, Cu, Zn, Cr and Ca in diurnal and nocturnal atmospheric particulates. Comparison of metal concentrations observed in this study with those of previous studies from Islamabad and other urban areas around the world shows higher concentrations than those in some European cities but, in general, are lower than in large metropolitan cities.
ISSN:1866-6280
1866-6299
DOI:10.1007/s12665-013-2484-y