Microporous calcium phosphate ceramics as tissue engineering scaffolds for the repair of osteochondral defects: Biomechanical results

This work investigated the suitability of microporous β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) scaffolds pre-seeded with autologous chondrocytes for treatment of osteochondral defects in a large animal model. Microporous β-TCP cylinders (Ø 7mm; length 25mm) were seeded with autologous chondrocytes and cultured...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Acta biomaterialia 2013-01, Vol.9 (1), p.4845-4855
Main Authors: Mayr, H.O., Klehm, J., Schwan, S., Hube, R., Südkamp, N.P., Niemeyer, P., Salzmann, G., von Eisenhardt-Rothe, R., Heilmann, A., Bohner, M., Bernstein, A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
animal models
Animals
Biomechanical Phenomena
biomechanics
Bone and Bones
Bones
Calcium Phosphates
Cartilage
Ceramics
chondrocytes
Contact
Defects
energy
Implantation
Indentation
knees
mechanical properties
Microporous tricalcium phosphate
Osteochondral defect
resorption
Scaffold
Scaffolds
Sheep
Sheep trial
Surgical implants
t-test
TCP (protocol)
Tissue Engineering
Tissue Scaffolds
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Summary:This work investigated the suitability of microporous β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) scaffolds pre-seeded with autologous chondrocytes for treatment of osteochondral defects in a large animal model. Microporous β-TCP cylinders (Ø 7mm; length 25mm) were seeded with autologous chondrocytes and cultured for 4weeks in vitro. Only the upper end of the cylinder was seeded with chondrocytes. Chondrocytes formed a multilayer on the top. The implants were then implanted in defects (diameter 7mm) created in the left medial femoral condyle of ovine knees. The implants were covered with synovial membrane from the superior recess of the same joint. For the right knees, an empty defect with the same dimensions served as control. Twenty-eight sheep were split into 6-, 12-, 26- and 52week groups of seven animals. Indentation tests with a spherical (Ø 3mm) indenter were used to determine the biomechanical properties of regenerated tissue. A software-based limit switch was implemented to ensure a maximal penetration depth of 200μm and maximal load of 1.5N. The achieved load, the absorbed energy and the contact stiffness were measured. Newly formed cartilage was assessed with the International Cartilage Repair Society Visual Assessment Scale (ICRS score) and histomorphometric analysis. Results were analysed statistically using the t-test, Mann–Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon test. Statistical significance was set at p
ISSN:1742-7061
1878-7568
DOI:10.1016/j.actbio.2012.07.040