Reanimation of the brow and eye in facial paralysis: Review of the literature and personal algorithmic approach

Summary Facial palsy patients suffer an array of problems ranging from functional to psychological issues. With regard to the eye, lacrimation, lagophthalmos and the inability to spontaneously blink are the main symptoms and if left untreated can compromise the cornea and vision. There are a multitu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery reconstructive & aesthetic surgery, 2015-05, Vol.68 (5), p.603-614
Main Authors: Leckenby, J.I, Ghali, S, Butler, D.P, Grobbelaar, A.O
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Algorithms
Blinking
Child
Eye
Eye Movements
Eyebrows - physiopathology
Eyelids - physiopathology
Eyelids - surgery
Facial Muscles - surgery
Facial Muscles - transplantation
Facial palsy
Facial Paralysis - physiopathology
Facial Paralysis - therapy
Facial reanimation
Female
Free functional muscle transfer
Free Tissue Flaps - transplantation
Humans
Male
Movement - physiology
Muscle, Skeletal - transplantation
Plastic Surgery
Posture - physiology
Reconstructive Surgical Procedures - methods
Recovery of Function
Rhytidoplasty - methods
Tendon Transfer - methods
Young Adult
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Summary:Summary Facial palsy patients suffer an array of problems ranging from functional to psychological issues. With regard to the eye, lacrimation, lagophthalmos and the inability to spontaneously blink are the main symptoms and if left untreated can compromise the cornea and vision. There are a multitude of treatment modalities available and the surgeon has the challenging prospect of choosing the correct intervention to yield the best outcome for a patient. The accurate assessment of the eye in facial paralysis is described and by approaching the brow and the eye separately the treatment options and indications are discussed having been broken down into static and dynamic modalities. Based on our unit's experience of more than 35 years and 1000 cases of facial palsy, we have developed a detailed approach to help manage these patients optimally. The aim of this article is to provide the reader with a systematic algorithm that can be used when consulting a patient with eye problems associated with facial palsy.
ISSN:1748-6815
1878-0539
DOI:10.1016/j.bjps.2014.12.023