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White Racial Identity, Color-Blind Racial Attitudes, and Multicultural Counseling Competence
Multicultural counseling competence (awareness, knowledge, and skills) is necessary to provide effective psychotherapy to an increasingly diverse client population (Sue, 2001). Previous research on predictors of competency among White clinicians finds that above having multicultural training, exposu...
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Published in: | Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology 2015-07, Vol.21 (3), p.440-449 |
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container_title | Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology |
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creator | Johnson, Alex Jackson Williams, Dahra |
description | Multicultural counseling competence (awareness, knowledge, and skills) is necessary to provide effective psychotherapy to an increasingly diverse client population (Sue, 2001). Previous research on predictors of competency among White clinicians finds that above having multicultural training, exposure to racially diverse clients, and social desirability, that White racial identity stages predict multicultural counseling competence (Ottavi et al., 1994). Research also suggests that higher color-blind racial attitudes (denying or minimizing racism in society) correlates with less advanced White racial identity stages (Gushue & Constantine, 2007). However, no studies have examined these variables together as they relate to and possibly predict multicultural counseling competence. The current study aims to add to this literature by investigating the effects of these variables together as potential predictors of multicultural counseling competence among (N = 487) White doctoral students studying clinical, counseling, and school psychology. Results of 3 hierarchical multiple regressions found above the effects of social desirability, demographic variables, and multicultural training, that colorblind racial attitudes and White racial identity stages added significant incremental variance in predicting multicultural counseling knowledge, awareness, and skills. These results add to the literature by finding different predictors for each domain of multicultural competence. Implications of the findings for future research and the clinical training of White doctoral trainees are discussed. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1037/a0037533 |
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Previous research on predictors of competency among White clinicians finds that above having multicultural training, exposure to racially diverse clients, and social desirability, that White racial identity stages predict multicultural counseling competence (Ottavi et al., 1994). Research also suggests that higher color-blind racial attitudes (denying or minimizing racism in society) correlates with less advanced White racial identity stages (Gushue & Constantine, 2007). However, no studies have examined these variables together as they relate to and possibly predict multicultural counseling competence. The current study aims to add to this literature by investigating the effects of these variables together as potential predictors of multicultural counseling competence among (N = 487) White doctoral students studying clinical, counseling, and school psychology. Results of 3 hierarchical multiple regressions found above the effects of social desirability, demographic variables, and multicultural training, that colorblind racial attitudes and White racial identity stages added significant incremental variance in predicting multicultural counseling knowledge, awareness, and skills. These results add to the literature by finding different predictors for each domain of multicultural competence. Implications of the findings for future research and the clinical training of White doctoral trainees are discussed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1099-9809</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-0106</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1037/a0037533</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25090143</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Educational Publishing Foundation</publisher><subject>Adult ; Awareness ; Counseling ; Counseling - education ; Counseling - methods ; Counselor Attitudes ; Counselors ; Cross Cultural Treatment ; Cultural Competency - psychology ; Cultural Diversity ; Cultural Sensitivity ; Culturally Competent Care - methods ; Culturally Competent Care - standards ; Ethnic Identity ; European Continental Ancestry Group - psychology ; Female ; Human ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multicultural Counseling ; Multiculturalism ; Professional Competence ; Psychologist Attitudes ; Psychologists ; Psychotherapy ; Race (Anthropological) ; Racial and Ethnic Attitudes ; Racial Identity ; Social Desirability ; Students, Medical - psychology ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology, 2015-07, Vol.21 (3), p.440-449</ispartof><rights>2014 American Psychological Association</rights><rights>(c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).</rights><rights>2014, American Psychological Association</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a417t-a784a23c4856dff85104f4c6b486864b40944c1c74dcccbf5fd168a67a707d713</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25090143$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Johnson, Alex</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jackson Williams, Dahra</creatorcontrib><title>White Racial Identity, Color-Blind Racial Attitudes, and Multicultural Counseling Competence</title><title>Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology</title><addtitle>Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol</addtitle><description>Multicultural counseling competence (awareness, knowledge, and skills) is necessary to provide effective psychotherapy to an increasingly diverse client population (Sue, 2001). Previous research on predictors of competency among White clinicians finds that above having multicultural training, exposure to racially diverse clients, and social desirability, that White racial identity stages predict multicultural counseling competence (Ottavi et al., 1994). Research also suggests that higher color-blind racial attitudes (denying or minimizing racism in society) correlates with less advanced White racial identity stages (Gushue & Constantine, 2007). However, no studies have examined these variables together as they relate to and possibly predict multicultural counseling competence. The current study aims to add to this literature by investigating the effects of these variables together as potential predictors of multicultural counseling competence among (N = 487) White doctoral students studying clinical, counseling, and school psychology. Results of 3 hierarchical multiple regressions found above the effects of social desirability, demographic variables, and multicultural training, that colorblind racial attitudes and White racial identity stages added significant incremental variance in predicting multicultural counseling knowledge, awareness, and skills. These results add to the literature by finding different predictors for each domain of multicultural competence. Implications of the findings for future research and the clinical training of White doctoral trainees are discussed.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Awareness</subject><subject>Counseling</subject><subject>Counseling - education</subject><subject>Counseling - methods</subject><subject>Counselor Attitudes</subject><subject>Counselors</subject><subject>Cross Cultural Treatment</subject><subject>Cultural Competency - psychology</subject><subject>Cultural Diversity</subject><subject>Cultural Sensitivity</subject><subject>Culturally Competent Care - methods</subject><subject>Culturally Competent Care - standards</subject><subject>Ethnic Identity</subject><subject>European Continental Ancestry Group - psychology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Human</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Multicultural Counseling</subject><subject>Multiculturalism</subject><subject>Professional Competence</subject><subject>Psychologist Attitudes</subject><subject>Psychologists</subject><subject>Psychotherapy</subject><subject>Race (Anthropological)</subject><subject>Racial and Ethnic Attitudes</subject><subject>Racial Identity</subject><subject>Social Desirability</subject><subject>Students, Medical - psychology</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1099-9809</issn><issn>1939-0106</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpdkF1LwzAUhoMoTqfgL5CCN4KrnjRp2lzO4sdgIojijRDSJNWOrq1Jc7F_b8Y2BW9OTvI-vIQHoTMM1xhIdiMhzJSQPXSEOeExYGD7YQfOY54DH6Fj5xYAmBLODtEoSYGvL0fo4_2rHkz0IlUtm2imTTvUw2oSFV3T2fi2qVu9C6dDiLw2bhLJ8Prkm6FWYXgbwqLzrTMB_wzrsjeDaZU5QQeVbJw53Z5j9HZ_91o8xvPnh1kxnceS4myIZZZTmRBF85TpqspTDLSiipU0ZzmjJQVOqcIqo1opVVZppTHLJctkBpnOMBmjy01vb7tvb9wglrVTpmlkazrvBGacsTwBBgG9-IcuOm_b8DuBUwYsTTGHv0JlO-esqURv66W0K4FBrI2LnfGAnm8Lfbk0-hfcKQ7A1QaQvRS9Wylpg7fGOOWtDbqF0r1IsCCCUiA_euSI_w</recordid><startdate>20150701</startdate><enddate>20150701</enddate><creator>Johnson, Alex</creator><creator>Jackson Williams, Dahra</creator><general>Educational Publishing Foundation</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7RZ</scope><scope>PHGZM</scope><scope>PHGZT</scope><scope>PKEHL</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150701</creationdate><title>White Racial Identity, Color-Blind Racial Attitudes, and Multicultural Counseling Competence</title><author>Johnson, Alex ; Jackson Williams, Dahra</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a417t-a784a23c4856dff85104f4c6b486864b40944c1c74dcccbf5fd168a67a707d713</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Awareness</topic><topic>Counseling</topic><topic>Counseling - education</topic><topic>Counseling - methods</topic><topic>Counselor Attitudes</topic><topic>Counselors</topic><topic>Cross Cultural Treatment</topic><topic>Cultural Competency - psychology</topic><topic>Cultural Diversity</topic><topic>Cultural Sensitivity</topic><topic>Culturally Competent Care - methods</topic><topic>Culturally Competent Care - standards</topic><topic>Ethnic Identity</topic><topic>European Continental Ancestry Group - psychology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Human</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Multicultural Counseling</topic><topic>Multiculturalism</topic><topic>Professional Competence</topic><topic>Psychologist Attitudes</topic><topic>Psychologists</topic><topic>Psychotherapy</topic><topic>Race (Anthropological)</topic><topic>Racial and Ethnic Attitudes</topic><topic>Racial Identity</topic><topic>Social Desirability</topic><topic>Students, Medical - psychology</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Johnson, Alex</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jackson Williams, Dahra</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>PsycARTICLES</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (New)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic (New)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Johnson, Alex</au><au>Jackson Williams, Dahra</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>White Racial Identity, Color-Blind Racial Attitudes, and Multicultural Counseling Competence</atitle><jtitle>Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology</jtitle><addtitle>Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol</addtitle><date>2015-07-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>21</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>440</spage><epage>449</epage><pages>440-449</pages><issn>1099-9809</issn><eissn>1939-0106</eissn><abstract>Multicultural counseling competence (awareness, knowledge, and skills) is necessary to provide effective psychotherapy to an increasingly diverse client population (Sue, 2001). Previous research on predictors of competency among White clinicians finds that above having multicultural training, exposure to racially diverse clients, and social desirability, that White racial identity stages predict multicultural counseling competence (Ottavi et al., 1994). Research also suggests that higher color-blind racial attitudes (denying or minimizing racism in society) correlates with less advanced White racial identity stages (Gushue & Constantine, 2007). However, no studies have examined these variables together as they relate to and possibly predict multicultural counseling competence. The current study aims to add to this literature by investigating the effects of these variables together as potential predictors of multicultural counseling competence among (N = 487) White doctoral students studying clinical, counseling, and school psychology. Results of 3 hierarchical multiple regressions found above the effects of social desirability, demographic variables, and multicultural training, that colorblind racial attitudes and White racial identity stages added significant incremental variance in predicting multicultural counseling knowledge, awareness, and skills. These results add to the literature by finding different predictors for each domain of multicultural competence. Implications of the findings for future research and the clinical training of White doctoral trainees are discussed.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Educational Publishing Foundation</pub><pmid>25090143</pmid><doi>10.1037/a0037533</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adult Awareness Counseling Counseling - education Counseling - methods Counselor Attitudes Counselors Cross Cultural Treatment Cultural Competency - psychology Cultural Diversity Cultural Sensitivity Culturally Competent Care - methods Culturally Competent Care - standards Ethnic Identity European Continental Ancestry Group - psychology Female Human Humans Male Middle Aged Multicultural Counseling Multiculturalism Professional Competence Psychologist Attitudes Psychologists Psychotherapy Race (Anthropological) Racial and Ethnic Attitudes Racial Identity Social Desirability Students, Medical - psychology Young Adult |
title | White Racial Identity, Color-Blind Racial Attitudes, and Multicultural Counseling Competence |
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