Production of natural melanin by Auricularia auricula and study on its molecular structure

•The highest mycelial growth rate was observed in low-carbon and carbon-free medium.•Melanin was scarcely secreted in TFM, indicating tyrosine was a substrate in melanin biosynthesis.•Melanin is an eumelanin and also a macromolecular polymer of DHI and DHICA.•Melanin contains phenolic hydroxyl, carb...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Food chemistry 2016-01, Vol.190, p.801-807
Main Authors: Sun, Shujing, Zhang, Xiaojuan, Sun, Shiwei, Zhang, Liaoyuan, Shan, Shukai, Zhu, Hu
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Auricularia auricula
Basidiomycota - growth & development
Chromatography, Liquid - methods
Mass Spectrometry - methods
Melanin
Melanins - biosynthesis
Melanins - chemistry
Molecular Structure
Production characteristics
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Summary:•The highest mycelial growth rate was observed in low-carbon and carbon-free medium.•Melanin was scarcely secreted in TFM, indicating tyrosine was a substrate in melanin biosynthesis.•Melanin is an eumelanin and also a macromolecular polymer of DHI and DHICA.•Melanin contains phenolic hydroxyl, carboxyl, amidogen, carbonyl, methylene, methyne and S.•The condensed molecular formula and structural formula of the melanin were firstly described. In this study, the production and structure of melanin produced by Auricularia auricula have been determined and analyzed in detail. The results showed that the highest mycelial growth rate was observed in low-carbon and carbon-free medium. In low-nitrogen and nitrogen-free medium, melanin yield was very low. Deficiency of tyrosine in medium led to weak secretion of melanin. The inorganic salt could markedly influence mycelia morphology, but did not obviously impact mycelia growth rate and melanin yield. Meanwhile the condensed molecular formula ([C18(OR)3H7O4N2]n) and structural formula of melanin were concluded based on UV–Vis, HPLC, FTIR, NMR and elemental assay. This is an eumelanin and also a macromolecular polymer of 5,6-dihydroxyindole and 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid. The 6 main components were phenolic hydroxyl, carboxyl, amidogen, carbonyl, methylene, methyne and sulfur. This work testified that nutritional control was very important to promote melanin production, making melanin more affordable as material in food, cosmetics and medicines.
ISSN:0308-8146
1873-7072
DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.06.042