Phosphorylated Cashew Nut Shell Liquid prepolymer modified kaolin as a reinforcing filler for natural rubber

At least a partial substitution of carbon black/precipitated silica being used in the rubber industry with low cost reinforcing fillers based on china clay (kaolin) — a non-replenishable natural resource could lead to technical and economic viability. Low cost industrial byproducts/renewable natural...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Applied clay science 2015-03, Vol.105-106, p.186-191
Main Authors: Peter, Roshin, Vijay, V. Raji, Ramakrishnan, Surya, Sukumar, Rugmini, Menon, A.R.R.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Fillers
Kaolin
Liquids
Nano-reinforcing fillers
Natural resources
Natural rubber
Phosphorylated Cashew Nut Shell Liquid prepolymer
Prepolymers
Rubber
Tensile properties
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Summary:At least a partial substitution of carbon black/precipitated silica being used in the rubber industry with low cost reinforcing fillers based on china clay (kaolin) — a non-replenishable natural resource could lead to technical and economic viability. Low cost industrial byproducts/renewable natural resources such as Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) or Rubber Seed Oil (RSO) or their derivatives may be used as organo-modifiers for kaolin to impart excellent compatibility with non-polar rubbers along with desired physico-mechanical properties for various applications. Results of the present study as obtained from XRD, TEM, SEM, TGA, CLD (chemical crosslink density) and tensile properties show that low dosages of kaolin modified with a solution of Phosphorylated Cashew Nut Shell Liquid prepolymer (PCNSL) in toluene could act as potential nano-reinforcing fillers for natural rubber (NR), as evidenced by improvements in filler dispersion, thermal stability and tensile properties of the vulcanizates. •Organomodified kaolin–NR nanocomposites using as organomodifiers.•Use of a solution of Phosphorylated Cashew Nut Shell Liquid prepolymer (PCNSL) as organomodifier•Improvements in physico-mechanical properties of NR vulcanizates containing 8phr of kaolin modified with the solution of PCNSL.•Better mixing behavior and filler dispersion for NR compound containing PCNSL modified kaolin.
ISSN:0169-1317
1872-9053
DOI:10.1016/j.clay.2014.12.011